Bezai License

Bezai License (Poetic License)

Biazai ahhin mawttaw vekin license a um ve mawsi tiah a ruattu kan um men thei. License timi cu tuahsiannak, neihsiannak tivek kha a kawhhmuh. Mawttaw license neitu cu mawttaw neih sian a si bang in, mawttaw khalh license neitu cu mawttaw khalh sian a si.

Cuvek in calai khawvel ahhin nunthuleng ngantu (novelist), nganca mawi ngantu (essayist) tivek le cangantu dang ih hman ding ah sian a si lo nan,  bezaipu (poet) lawng ih hman ding ah sian a si mi thil pakhat a um.

Cangantu dang cun hman tlangpi mi ttong feh dan kalhmang (standard syntax form), cafangkom (spelling), ttongfang aw suah dan (pronunciation) tivek kha danglamter a ngah lo. Ttong siatsuahnak, asilole, nganca siar har ah a suak thei. Asinan bezaipu cu cuvek pawl danglamter sian a si. Ziangruangah midang hmuah hmang siang lo in bezaipu lawng an hmang siang a sipei?

Biazai cu ttongfang umtudan (verbal structure) kha khimkhuahtei’ remkhawm mi nganca an si tlangpi. Bezai pakhat ih sum (meter –aw sang/aw niam a kop tetei’ duansuah mi um zat), awkhiah (rhythm – aw sang/aw niam a fehterdan), ttongfang pawl ih awn a remkhawmdan tivek in bezai fing khat ih hmual neihnak kha an bawm thluh. Bezai ih sullam le a tarlang mi thuhla ah rahsuah an nei thluh.

Curuangah bezaipu cun ttong hmandan tlangpi kha a herhkawi ttul can a um ttheu. Tthimnak ah, English bezai kan siar tikah “it were aiah ’twere” tivek kan hmu ttheu ding. Khami kha a bezai fehdan thawm mil ding in ttong hmandan tlangpi an pahbal hrim mi a si.

Cun, Gerard Manley Hopkins in a bezai fing khat khal ah ttongfang pakhat kha line hnih ah a tthen hrim. “Lingering” kha “Sing” thawn ttelh aw ding ih tuah a duh ruangah “ling” lawng kha hmaisa line ah a ret hrim.

My cries heave, herds-long; huddle in a main, a chief-
woe, world-sorrow; on an age-old anvil wince and sing-
Then lull, then leave off. Fury had shrieked ‘No ling-
ering! Let me be fell: force I must be brief'.

Khavek ih an pahbal ruangah bezaipu cu mawhthluk an tong lo. Ziangahtile pahbal theinak license an nei tiah ruat an si. Khami a pahbal ruangah a bezai a tthat sawn ahcun a hlawhtling ih, a pahbal ruangah a bezai a tthat sawn cuang lo ahcun a hlawhtling hran lo a si ko. Cumi cu amah ih bulpak thiamnak parah a tthum aw.

Khatlam ah, bezai license timi hi hnihsuaksainak le ziauawknak khal ah an hman can a um. Cangan ih ralrin lo tuk ruangah a sual celcel mi le uar luan tuk ih nganca remkhawm ciamco mi ziaunak le hnihsannak ttongfang ah an hmang ttheu. Facebook status ih cafang sual celcel tivek ziaunak khal ah a theih ding.

Sirhsan: poetic license. (2015). Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite.  Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.

Bezai Ttongkam Hranpa

Bezai Ttongkam Hranpa (Poetic Diction)

Biazai khawvel lawng ah hman ding ih ruat mi ttongkam/ttongfang ropi, relbawl khawm mi ttongkam/ttongfang, senpi zaran ih theih nel lo mi ttong tivek khha “bezai ttongkam hranpa” tiah an ko. Hivek bezai ttongkam pawl hi thutluang (prose) ahcun hman ding ah an ruat lo.

Biazai ahhin ttongfang cungcuang le ropi hman ding a si timi hi Aristotle in a cabu “Poetics” ah a rak tarlang hmaisabik. Aristotle cun bezai ttongkam cu hnuaihnung (mean) lo in a fiangfel ding tiah a rak sim. Asinan amah hnu ih bezaipu pawl cun hnuaihnung lo ding, timi sawn an uar ruangah, a sullam fiangfel ding kha an thlahthlam. Mi menmen ih theih thei lo ding mi ttongfang hlun le khungkhai zetzet an hmang ciamco. Kan Chin biazai khawvel khal ah ttongkhun hman mi lawng hi bezai ttha a si titu tthenkhat kan um.

Cuvek kha William Wordsworth in a bezaibu “Lyrical Ballads” (1800) ih thuhmaihruai ah a run do. Wordsworth cun bezai cu “minung pawl ih an hman taktak mi ttong” thawn ngan ding a si a ti (ttongkam zaran khal hman a theih tinak). Asinan a rualpa Samuel Taylor Coleridge in a cabu “Biographia Literaria” (1817) ah, Wordsworth hin a uar luan deuh a bang, tiah a run ngan. Ziangahtile Wordsworth in “minung pawl ih hman taktak mi ttong” thawn a ngan mi bezai tthenkhat cu “bezai level” (bezai ttha pakhat dinhmun) an thlen lo ruangah, Wordsworth hi amai’ theory lala thawn a awk aw deuh, tiah a sim.

San thar ih calai fakseltu mithiam pawl cun biazai hrangah ttongkam hranpa a um lo, asinan, bezai fing khat cio hrang ahcun ttongkam hranpa a um thei, tiah an pom. A bezai thuhla ih zir in siseh, a sullam ih zir in siseh, nunphung ih zir in siseh, bezai fing khat cio in hman deuh mi ttongkam hranpa an nei thei tinak a si.

Sirhsan: poetic diction. (2015). Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite.  Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.

Calai le Tongphungphai

Calai & Ttongphungphai
(Literature & Linguistics)

Kan dung ah "O le Aw" tivek buainak hi calai buainak si lo in "Cafangkom Remsalnak" (Spelling Reform) a si thu ka rak ngan zo. Tu ahcun, mi tampi in kan theih rawi mi Calai le Ttongphungphai thuhla kan rel pei.

"Linguistics" hi Chin ttong in terminology ka pol tikah a sullam nai bik ding ih ka ruat mi cu "Ttongphungphai" (Tong thuhla thawn a pehpar mi zirnak) hi a si ding tiah ka ruat ruangah "Ttongphungphai" tiah ka ret mi a si. "Ttong ih a phung le phai" kan ti pei cu! Ziangahtile "Linguistics" cu "Ttong ih dengfelphung zirnak" (the study of the science of language), asilole "Dengfeltei' ttong zirnak" (the scientific study of language) a si ruangah a si.

Ttongphungphai thiamtu cun ttong ih umtudan le sinak pawl kha a hliakhlai. A hliakhlai tik khal ah felfai le cipciar zet in (dengfel zet/scientifically) a zir ih a hliakhlai. Ttongfang pawl dengfel zet ih zirnak (morphology/the science of words), ttong pakhat ih awluanphung cipciartei' zirnak (phonology/the study of the way sounds function in languages), ttongfang pawl ih sullam zirhliahnak (semantics/the study of meaning of words) tivek pawl hi ttongphungphai ih hngepi thupi hleice pawl an si.

"Literature" (Calai) cu minung nun phuansuahnak le luhcilhnak kalhmang a si. Cumi phuansuahnak le luhcilhnak ah kalhmang thupi pahnih a um. Cangan a um hlan ahcun "Simsin Calai" (Oral Literature) timi an rak hmang. "Simsin Calai" timi cu cangan a um hlan ah minung pawl in tesinfa san khat hnu san khat an simsinawk vivo mi zaihla, biazai,thuanthu tivek pawl khi an si. Curuangah cangan a um hlan ah "Literature" (Calai) hi a um zo ti theih a ttul. Cangan a rung um hnu ahcun kaa thawn simsinawk vivo ttul lo in ca sungah ngankhum a rung si. Cumi cu "Nganmi Calai" (Written Literature) tiah an ko.

Calai ahcun biazai (poetry), thuanthucawn (drama/play), nunthuleng (novel), nunthuleng tawi (short stories), nganca mawi (essay) le nunthuanthu/maingannunthu (biography/autobiography) tivek pawl hi a hngepi an si. Calailam zirnak ahcun calai fakselnak (literary criticism), calai theory (literary theory) tivek khal lo theih lo in zir a ttul mi an si ve.

Hminsin ttul mi cu, "Theory of Literature" le "Literary Theory" hi theih rawi lo ding a si. "Theory of Literature" timi cu "Calai Kalhmang" tinak a si ih, biazai umtudan, nunthuleng umtudan, thuanthucawn umtudan tivek pawl a rel duh mi a si. "Literary Theory" timi cu theory pakhatkhat hmang ih calai kutsuak (literary work) luhcilhnak a si. Tthimnak ah "Feminism" hmuhdan thawn calai kutsuak luhcilhnak kha "Feminist literary theory" a si. Marxism, Structuralism, Formalism tivek pawl hmang in calai kutsuak na faksel a si khalle, literary theory ah an cang cih mai.

Thusuhnak a um pang len kan peh leh pei.

Ca Kan Ngan Tikah

Ca Kan Ngan Tikah

Cangan timi hi karbak pakhat ih ttheh theih a si dah kel lo; sersuah peh vivo ttul mi thil a si ttheu. Thuhla pakhatkhat na ngan thok tikah, ziang ka rel ding ih ziangtin ka rel ding timi na ruat zo tinak a si. Na ngan thluh tikah, na ngan mi kha na siar sal ih thleng ttulnak na thleng, a dik lo mi na rem. Na ngan ih, na zohfel. Cu thluh in na ngan ih na zohfel lala. Na ngan mi in na rel duh mi ciahciah a tarlang ngah ti ih na di a riam tiang in na zohfel ih na rem rero.

Cangan timi ahhin a tlangpithu in karbak pali a um. Karbak hmaisabik ahcun khawruahnak pawl na sersuak (you create ideas). A pahnihnak ahcun, na khawruahnak pawl kha na remkhawm (organize the ideas). Karbak pathumnak ahcun, a hraw na ngan (write a rough draft). Karbak netabik ahcun, na nganca hraw kha cekfelnak le thlirsalnak tuah in na culmam.

Karbak hmaisabik cu ngan ding ih timtuahnak (prewriting) tiah kawh a si. Timtuahnak timi cu khawruahnak pawl ngah thei ding ih kalhmang hawlnak a si. Thulu (topic) pakhat na hril ih, cumi thulu a simfiang theitu ding khawruahnak pawl na khawlkhawm. Khawruahnak phunphun na ngah theinak ding ah hin hman theih mi kalhmang tampi an um. Cumi lakah cazin tuah (listing) hi a tel ve. Cazin tuah timi cu, cahnah pakhat zim ah thulu na tar ih, cu thluh hnu ah na thluak sungih a rung lang mi ttongfang pawl asilole ttong hlawm pawl (phrases) kha zamrangte'n cazin ah na ngan zutzo ding. A rung suak mi khawruahnak kha a ttha maw, ttha lo timi ruat in na cazin tuah kha cawl pang hlah. Khawruahnak a rung suah thei sung cu cawl lo in ngan zutzo aw.

Karbak pahnihnak cu na ngah mi khawruahnak pawl kha tluangtlamte'n a hlawm a hlawm ih ret ding a si. Cazin ih na ngan mi khawruahnak pawl lak ihsin thulu a tarlang theitu khawruahnak pipa pawl kha hrilsuak aw. Cumi thu ah khawruahnak pipa pawl a bawm theitu ding khawruahnak dang pawl kha cazin ihsin hrilsuak bet aw.

Karbak pathumnak cu nganca hraw ngan ding a si. A hlawm ih na ret cia zo mi khawruahnak pawl kha kaihruaitu ah hmang aw. Na nganca hraw cu ttong kalhmang (grammar), cafangkom, punctuation tivek ruat buai lo in, a rang thei tawk in ngan zutzo aw. Na khawruahnak pawl kha cahnah parah um phot hai seh. Na nganca hraw ah a dik lo mi tampi na hmu leh ko ding. Asinan himi hi thil zaran zet a si ih a poinak a um lo lawlaw. Ziangahtile nganca hraw lawng a si lai. A dik lo mi pawl cu lehhnu ah an rem leh ding.

Karbak netabik ahcun, na ngan mi kha na culmam ding. Himi karbak hi thlirsalnak le cekfelnak ti khal in an ko. Culmamnak hi thuah hnih ih tuah asile a hlawhtling bik. A hmaisa ah a thupi sawn mi, nganca ih thufun le a hlawmkhawmawk dan kha thlirsalnak tuah aw. Cumi thluh ah, a tenau sawn mi, ttong kalhmang, punctuation le thil dik lo dangdang pawl kha cekfel leh aw.