Pu Thang Tin Sum ih Bezai Siarsalnak

PU THANG TIN SUM IH BEZAI SIARSALNAK

(Bezai Fakselnak)

Pu Thang Tin Sum ih “Ziangruangah Ramthim Mi-a, Mi Tthangso Lo Pawl In Ti?” (Why Do They Call Me Uncivilized and Undeveloped?) timi bezai hi calai mit in, fakselnak kalhmang pakhat in, vun zoh sehla. Tui’ ttum ih ka thlirnak kalhmang cu “Primitivism” lam in a si. Calai kutsuak pakhat cu kalhmang phunphun in thlirsalnak tuah theih a si ruangah, le kalhmang pakhat hi a dik thluh ti theih an si hran cuang lo ruangah, tumtah mi taktak cu, hmuhruahdan pakhat punzaiter ding kha a si bik.

Himi bezai hi 1989 (himi fakselnak cahram ngantu kum khat a si lai) ah Canada ram ih a rak ngan mi a si. A pa Pu Van Ir ai-awh in a ngan mi a si. Mirang le Lai in a ngan. Raymond W. Beaver (Area Secretary/East Asia, U.S.A), Mackinnon (President, St. F. X. University, Canada), Debra Mac Lellan (Canada), Wilf Bean, Ph. D (Coordinator, Diploma Program, Canada), le Stephenie Flanders (U.S.A) pawl in ttha an ti zet thu le an tthathnempi thu an ngan mi khal “Keimah Khawte Fa” cabu sungah amah Pu Thang Tin Sum in a tarlang.

Fakselnak lam ah kan feh hrih pei.

Primitivism timi cu tluangtlemte’n a nungtu, khualrel (nature) thawn nai zet in a nungtu hlanlai minung – “ramthimmi cungcuang pawl” (noble savages) kha nuncenphung (civilization) in a siatsuah mi santhar minungpawl hnak in an cuangcuang sawn timi thurin (doctrine) a si.  Primitivism cun khualrel ih tthatnak le hlanlai minungpawl nuntukhawsaknak ih duhumzia kha a cawisang ih, santhar minung cu cuvek ihsin a tlusia tiah a ruat. A thu laimubik pakhat cu, tthangso timi hi siatral tican a si (progress means decay), timi hi a si.

Himi cangvaihnak hi zabi 18 lai ah England le France ram ihsin a hung suak. A cinung rak keuhtertu khawruahphung mithiampawl (philosophers) cu Shaftesbury Khawpibawi (Earl of Shaftesbury) le Jean-Jacques Rousseau an si. 

Shaftesbury cun Pathian cu khuarel ah a um (exists) ih hlanlai minungpawl cu khuarel fehdan vek vivo in an nun ruangah annih cu a tthangso mi minungpawl hnakin Pathian thawn an nai aw sawn tiah a sim. Rousseau cun minungpawl hi kan pianken ahcun mi ttha kan si nan mibulpak zalennak (individual freedom) a rekbet (stifled) tu senpihlawm (society) ruangah kan thinlung tthatnak a siat vivo tiah a sim ve. 

Primitivism le ramthimmi cungcuang pawl a sunsaktu khawruahnak in calai khawvel ih romantic cangvaihnak (romantic movement) le, a lehhnu ah, America ih hung suak mi Kengkawhdik Phungthluk (Realism) cu a hliahkhuh nasa. Primitivism ih rahsuah cu William Wordsworth ih kutsuak bezaipawl, James Fenimore Cooper ih nunthulengpawl, le Michel Crevecoeur’s ih essay-cakuatpawl a si mi Letters from an American Farmer ah kan hmu thei.

William Wordsworth hin a bezai ah khuarel sunlawihnak tampi a tarlang, ttong tluangtlamte a hmang (ceibawl ciamco mi a hrial), lothlotupawl ih nun a tarlang, nauhak aa thuhlapawl a tarlang, ih nauhak thinlungput khal a sunlawih ttheu. Wordsworth in Primitivism ruahdan a tarlang mi bezai hminthang pakhat cu “My Heart Leaps Up” asilole “Rainbow” timi bezai kha a si. “The Child is father of the Man” timi hi Primitivism phuansuahnak ropibik pakhat ah ruat a si. Nauhak thinlung tlaitluang, khuarel ngainatu, cu upa ih tluk lo mi a si tican a si deuh ruangah a si.

James Fenimore Cooper cun savun lei-zuar-nak thuhla a ngan mi nunthuleng panga sungah khuarel umtudan thawn naivai zet in a nungtu American Ramhrin miphun (Native American) pawl kha ngaisannak le sunlawihnak thinlungput thawn a tarlang.  Michel Crevecoeur ih essay-cakuatpawl ahcun America ram sungah ramthar nor vovp ih a khawsatu minungpawl ih nuntukhawsaknak thuhlapawl a cawisang.

Primitivism hi a tlangpithu in pahnih ah an tthen. Sansiarnaklam Primitivism (Chronological Primitivism) le Nunphunglam Primitivism (Cultural Primitivism) an si. Asinan himi pahnih hi a hranpa tete ih thlurh theih ngai cu an si lo; an luhkalhawk a ttul ringring thotho.  

Sansiarnaklam Primitivism cun tuisan/tuicaan hnakin a liam zo mi san/caan kha a ttha sawn (tthimnak ah, santhar ih cetlam hnattuannak khawvel hnakin hlanlai ih leiramttuan nuntukhawsaknak khawvel a ttha sawn, upa hnakin nauhak a ttha sawn tivek in) tiah  a ruat ih, milaihrin in tuisan ih kan ton rero mi khawruahharnak le riahsiatnak pawl thuhla ah nunphung le senpihlawm umtudan kha a mawhthluk.

Nunphunglam Primitivism cun tuahcopthil (artificial) hnakin khuarel (natural) kha a sunsak sawn, thiamnak phunkim zirsuak mi le hmuh-ruahdan hnok le tam a neitu hnakin nauhak vek ih a tlaitluang mi le zirh a si lo mi kha a sunsak sawn, ciamciamtei’ duansuah mi thil le khontthawl cop ih cang mi thil hnakin thinlung ih a tursuahdandan in a rung suak mi le supawknak um lo ih phosuah mi kha a sunsak sawn ih, thiamzung (art) hnakin khuarel kha a sunsak sawn.

Chinmi khal in Khristiannak le nunphung thuhla kan rel tikah himi khawruahnak hi a lang tam zet. Hlan pupapawl ih zumnak a rak hngehkhohzia, kan tluk lo zia tivek ihsi thok in kan pupa nunphung ahcun rukru an um lo thu, fala an him thu tivek kan rel ttheu mi tiang in Primitivism rong a kai mi khawruahnak an si ve.

Khawruahnak kalhmang pakhat cu a famkim thluh thei lo cio ko nan, tthatnak zawn an neih thluh ruangah Primitivism thuhla hi theih le zingzoi tlak khawruahnak cu a si hrimhrim.

Kan Chin biazai khawvel ah leitlun bezai khawvel ih a lang mi khawruahnak ci khat a kengtu bezai kan rak neih hi lungawiza a si ih, Phunsangtlawng ih Chin ca zir a si thei tla ahcun telh ttha rori a si. A thar ih siarsal ding in a bezai cu vun tarlang sehla.

ZIANGRUANGAH RAMTHIM MI-A, MI TTHANGSO LO PAWL IN TI?

Ziangruangah ramthim mi-a in ti a si pei?

Ah! Ka thei zo;

Ziangahtile anmah vek in minung siar cawk lo

Nunau, nauhak, misual sual lo ti lo

Mi hmuahhmuah thahtheinak

Attom bom tuah ka thiam ve ngai ual lo.

Kei ka thiam ve mi cu

Conkiang le thal lawng tuah ka thiam

Ka conkiang le ka thal in

Ka ralpawl siar lo ka that dah lo.

Minung pakhat lawng ka that thei.

A sual lo mi nunau, nauhak ka that dah lo.

Ziangruangah mi tthangso lo in ti a si pei?

Ah! Ka thei zo.

Anmah vekin kan leilungpi boruak siatsuahtheinak

Thiamnak sang ka nei ve lo.

Kei ka thiam ve mi cu

Ka tesin fahniang pum khop an hawltheinak

Lo thlawhnak hriam le hrei ser ka thiam.

                                           Thang Tin Sum

Himi bezai hi nunthuanthulam fakselnak (biographical criticism) khal in thlirsalnak tuah sehla a ttha zet ding. Amah Pu Thang Tin Sum hi Myanmar Council of Churches ih Adult Literacy Project hotu ttuan in khawteberek hmun-i-kip ah a feh. Amah khal in “Keimah Khawte Fa” a ti awk bang in khawte ih suak a si fawn. Khuarel thawn nai zet in a nung-dah-tu, le a nung-rero-tu pawl ih thuhla a thei zettu a si. 

Khatlam ah leitlun ih ram tthangsobik pawl ah vei tampi a feh rero ih, hmuhton mi tampi neitu a sinak dinhmun in “tthansohnak” timi parih a hmuh-ruahdan ra suak mi kha amai’ nunthuanthu ihsin thlirsalnak tuah theih a si. Amah Pu Thang Tin Sum ih ngan mi “Keimah Khawte Fa” cabu sung khal ah nunthuanthulam fakselnak hrangah siseh, fakselnak kalhmang dangdang hrang khal  ah siseh, sirhsan theih mi thuhla phunphun a ngan.

Cubang in fakselnak theory dangdang a si mi Ruang-am Phungthluk (Formalism), Fakselnak Thar (New Criticism), Deconstruction, Psychoanalysis, le a dangdang hmang khal in fakselnak tuah vivo sehla a duh um zet ding.  Ziangahtile phunsangtlawng ih zir ding si bang sehla tlawngta kha “Ziangruangah Ramthim Mi-a, Mi Tthangso Lo Pawl In Ti?” timi bezai kha Fakselnak Thar hmang in simfiang aw” tivek thusuhnak siseh, “Ziangruangah Ramthim Mi-a, Mi Tthangso Lo Pawl In Ti?” timi bezai sungih bezaipu in Primitivism a hmuhdan rel aw” tivek siseh, thusuhnak dangdang khal, tuah a ttul ttheu ruangah a si.

Siang Lian Uk Kianghro

Ref:

1.      Pu Thang Tin Sum, Keimah Khawte Fa, Yangon: E. L. C, December, 1999.

2.      Kathleen Morner & Ralph Rausch, NTC’s Dictionary of Literary Terms, New York: NTC Publishing Group, 1998.

3.      Kianghrol, Calai Zirnak Hmaihruai, Tahan: Zolun Computer, 2011.