Phunhnamveinak
(Nationalism)
Phunhnamveinak timi cu minung hlawm khat in phunhnam pakhat ih funkhawmaw an si ti’h an
theihawknak (a people’s sense of belonging together as a nation) khi a
si. Phunhnamveinak ah hin phunhnam pakhat hrangih rinumnak thinlung,
cui’ phunhnam ih nunphung le sanphung (history) uanpinak (pride), le –
hmun tampi ah – phunhnam zalennak (mahte ukrelawknak
–self-determination) neihduhnak, tivekpawl khal an tel.1700 kumpawl
ihsin phunhnamveinak hi ramtamhuap pehtlaihawknakpawl (international
relations) ah thazang thupi a hung si so. Phunhnamveinak thinlung, a
hleice in ram pakhat cio in mahte ukawknak neih thei ding timi, hin
Europe khawmualpi ih ramzuk (map) cu 1800 kumpawl ihsin tam zet a
danglamter. 1940 kumpawl ihsi cun phunhnamveinak hin Africa le Asia
khawmualpi ih ramzuk tampi khal a danglamter fawn.
Phunhnamveinak hi tuini ahcun a darh kau zet. Asinan hlan lai ahcun
phunhnamveinak timi hi a rak um lo lawlaw. Hlan lai minungpawl cu anmah
ukhruaitu le an cennak khawpipawl hrangah asilole anmai’ piansuahnak
hrinhnampawl (tribes- phunhnam le miphun si lo) hrangah an rak nung
sawn. San Laita pawl (Middle Ages) ah phei cun minungpawl cu mihlawm
tampi le uktu tampi hrangah an rak rinum. Tthimnak ah French ramminung
(citizen) pakhat cu Burgundy Lal (Duke of Burgundy) hrangah, France
Siangpahrang hrangah, Roman Kumpi Thianghlim (Holy Roman Empire)
hrangah, le Pope hrangah an rak rinum.
Phunhnamveinak timi hi phunhnam-ram (nation-state) timi ramkhellam unit (political unit) thawi’ tthangso tlang an si. Nation (phunhnam) timi cu zatei’ hman tlang mi (common) nunphung, sanphung, asilole ttong a nei mi minung hlawm khat an si ih, phunhnam pumkhatnak (national unity) thinlung a nei mi khi an si. State timi cu leiram (land) area pakhat, a sung ih ceng mi minungpawl in a zalenmi cozah (independent government) an neihnak hmun, khi a si. Curuangah nation-state timi cu phunhnam pakhat ih cennak ramri le ram pakhat cennak ramri a tluk aw ciah mi ram khi a si.
San Laita ihsin phunhnam-ram hi an hung um vivo. Khualtlawn le pehtlaihawknak a tthansoh tikah, minungpawl cun, anmai’ ram sung lala ah anmai’ zatlanghlawm (community) lenglam ih a rak um mi hmunram a rak um timi le, cui’ hmunram ih zatlanghlawm cu ziangvek an si ti an thei vivo. Cutin, tualsung (local) hruaitupawl le sakhawlam (religious) hruaitupawl hrangih rinumnak cu a ttumsuk vivo ih, siangpahrang (ram pum huap ih uktu) hnenih rinumnak a kaiso vivo. 1700 kumpawl ah England, France, Spain, le ram dang tampi cu phunhnam-ram ah an cang.
1800 kumpawl ihsin phunhnam dangdang khal in phunhnam-ram neih ding an ngaihven ve. Asinan phunhnam tampi cun ram an din thei hrih lo. Himi san ahcun mi tampi in phunhnam hlawm khat a si mi cun ram pakhat neihtheinak canvo (right) a nei tiah an pom thlang. Himi zumnak hi ‘mai’ phunhnam mahte-ukrelawktheinak thurin’ (doctrine of national self-determination) tiah an ko. Himi hin Europe khawmualpi ah dothlengnak (revolution) tampi a suahter. Tthimnak ah Greece ram cun Turkey kut hnuai ihsin 1829 kum ah zalennak a sualsuak ih, Belgium ram khal in Netherlands kut hnuai ihsin 1830 kum ah zalennak a sualsuak ve.
Phunhnamveinak phun dangdang a um. United States ahcun 1800 kumpawl ah, phunhnamveinak hin an ram nitlaknaklam ih ram nor vivo duhnak thinlung a neihter. American ramminung tampi cun an phunhnam cu Sakta America hmuahhmuah hlawm khat ih an umkhawm theinak ding ih ttuanvo neitu a si tiah an pom.
Europe khawmualpi Nitlaklam ah, phunhnamveinak in Italian phunhnam pumkhatnak le German phunhnam pumkhatnak a suahter. Annih hi ram tampi ih tthen darh aw an sinak ihsin komkhawm aw in ram pakhat ah an hung ding. Italy pumkhatawknak cu 1870 ah a kim fel ih, German khal 1871 kum ah phunhnam-ram ah a hung cang.
Europe khawmualpi Nisuahlam ahcun phunhnam hlawm dangdang in mai’ phunhnam lawng a hlawm ih umnak ding ram fate sawn din tum in Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, le Russian kumpirampawl (empires) cu pahbal an tum hai. Himi phunhnam mahte ukrelawknak (national self-determination) ngah an tumnak hi Leitlunhuap Ralbuaipi I (1914-1918) suaktertu thubuai lak ih pakhat a si ve. Leitlunhuap Ralbuaipi I a cem tikah kumpirampawl cu an kekkuai taktak ti khal kan hmu thei.
1930 kumpawl ah thunei pumhlum uktu (dictator) pahnih – Germany ih Adolf Hitler le Italy ih Benito Mussolini- in phunhnamveinak ttansan in an ram mipipawl cu mai’ phunhnam hrangih rinumnak nasa zet nei ding ah an phut. Annih pahnih hin Integral Nationalism timi an suahpi. Integral Nationalism timi cun phunhnam tthenkhat cu a dang hmuahhmuah hnak in an cungcuang sawn timi ruahnak a si. Himi ruahnak hin, cui’ phunhnam cungcuang sinak cun rikham hnget zet a nei ti khal in a fehpi cih. Himi Integral Nationalism ih fehpimi lungput ruangah Nazi-pawl cun Jew phunhnam minung million tampi an thah phah ih, phunhnam hnuaihung pawl ti ih an ruat mi phunhnam dangdang khal million tampi an that fawn. Cuihleiah Germany le Italy cun leitlun pumpi neh thluh an tum. Cui’ an cangvaihnakpawl in Leitlun Ralbuaipi II (1939-1945) a suahter fawn.
Leitlun Ralbuaipi II hnu ah, phunhnamveinak hin Africa le Asia khawmualpi ih colony rampawl (colonies) cu mahte-cozah (self-government) neih duhnak a neihter. India le Pakistan in Britain hnen ihsin 1947 ah zalennak an sualsuak. A hmai kum ah Zion-phungthluk (Zionism) timi phunhnamvei cangvaihnak a suak ih, cumi ih cangvaihnak vawrtawp ah Israel ram a rung ding.
1970 kumpawl ahcun phunhnam hlawm 80 lenglo in zalennak an ngah. Cui’ zalennak a ngah mi ram tampi sung ih phunhnampawl cu hlan san ihsi pehparawknak rak nei rei si hran lo tla an si. Hlanlai ihsi pehparawknak rak neih reinak hi Europe khawmualpi ih phunhnampawl lak ahcun phunhnam hlawmkhatawknak lungput neihtertu a si. Asinan, ram zalen thar pawl khal ah phunhnam pumkhatawknak um sinsin ding ih nortu ah, phunhnamveinak lungput hi, an hruaitupawl in an hmang ko.
1990 kumpawl tirlam khal ah phunhnamveinak hin Europe Khawmualpi Nisuahlam ih ram tthenkhat cu a kuaiter ih phunhnam-ram tampi an suak. A kekkuai mi rampawl cu Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, le Czechoslovakia pawl an si.
Phunhnamveinak hin tthatnak le tthatlonak a pahnih in a nei thei. Phunhnamveinak hin phunhnam hlawm khat sungih minungpawl cu laicinawknak (belonging) a neihter, an phunhnam parih uarawknak thinlung (pride) a neihter ih, an ram hrangih pekawknakpawl (sacrifices) khal a neihter thei. An phunhnam in calai le awnmawi tivek ih hlawhtlinnak a ngah mi pawl khal an ngaihven cuang fawn.
Khatlam ah phunhnamveinak hin phunhnam pakhat le pakhat lakah eltaiawknak (rivalry) le hmuh-sakhi-awknak (tension) a suahter ttheu fawn. Phunhnam ropitnak (national glory) le rallam hlawhtlinnak (military conquest) neihduhnak thinlung hin ralbuainak (war) a thlenter thei (ttheu) fawn. Phunhnamveinak luarkai (extreme nationalism) phei cun a hrin zawng ih huatawknak (racial hatred) khal a suahter thei ih, mihlawm malsawn pawl (minority groups) nuai cimihnak a thlenter thei a si.
Hminsin: The World Book Encyclopedia, World Book, Inc. USA, 1994, Volume 14 sung ih Anthony D’Amato in “Nation” a simfiangdan cu hitin a si.
Nation timi cu zatlang ttong, cithlahawknak, sanphung, asilole nunphung in a pumkhatter mi minung hlawm tumpi pakhat khi a si (Nation is a large group of people united by a common language, ancestry, history, or culture)……….. Ramtamhuap daan ahcun, ‘nation’ timi hin, ram dang pawl ih pompinak nei in, ri kham felfai a nei mi hmunram pakhat sungah mahte-cozah thawi’ nunkhua a satu minung hlawm khat khi a sawhkhih (In international law, nation means a group of people excercising self-government within a defined territory with the recognition of other nations)………… ……Ramtamhuap daan ahcun, nation pakhat khi ram pakhat asilole rampi pakhat ti ih kawh cang khal a um (Sometimes in international law, a nation is called a country or state).
*The World Book Encyclopedia, World Book, Inc. USA, 1994, Volume 14 ihta leh mi a si.
Phunhnamveinak timi hi phunhnam-ram (nation-state) timi ramkhellam unit (political unit) thawi’ tthangso tlang an si. Nation (phunhnam) timi cu zatei’ hman tlang mi (common) nunphung, sanphung, asilole ttong a nei mi minung hlawm khat an si ih, phunhnam pumkhatnak (national unity) thinlung a nei mi khi an si. State timi cu leiram (land) area pakhat, a sung ih ceng mi minungpawl in a zalenmi cozah (independent government) an neihnak hmun, khi a si. Curuangah nation-state timi cu phunhnam pakhat ih cennak ramri le ram pakhat cennak ramri a tluk aw ciah mi ram khi a si.
San Laita ihsin phunhnam-ram hi an hung um vivo. Khualtlawn le pehtlaihawknak a tthansoh tikah, minungpawl cun, anmai’ ram sung lala ah anmai’ zatlanghlawm (community) lenglam ih a rak um mi hmunram a rak um timi le, cui’ hmunram ih zatlanghlawm cu ziangvek an si ti an thei vivo. Cutin, tualsung (local) hruaitupawl le sakhawlam (religious) hruaitupawl hrangih rinumnak cu a ttumsuk vivo ih, siangpahrang (ram pum huap ih uktu) hnenih rinumnak a kaiso vivo. 1700 kumpawl ah England, France, Spain, le ram dang tampi cu phunhnam-ram ah an cang.
1800 kumpawl ihsin phunhnam dangdang khal in phunhnam-ram neih ding an ngaihven ve. Asinan phunhnam tampi cun ram an din thei hrih lo. Himi san ahcun mi tampi in phunhnam hlawm khat a si mi cun ram pakhat neihtheinak canvo (right) a nei tiah an pom thlang. Himi zumnak hi ‘mai’ phunhnam mahte-ukrelawktheinak thurin’ (doctrine of national self-determination) tiah an ko. Himi hin Europe khawmualpi ah dothlengnak (revolution) tampi a suahter. Tthimnak ah Greece ram cun Turkey kut hnuai ihsin 1829 kum ah zalennak a sualsuak ih, Belgium ram khal in Netherlands kut hnuai ihsin 1830 kum ah zalennak a sualsuak ve.
Phunhnamveinak phun dangdang a um. United States ahcun 1800 kumpawl ah, phunhnamveinak hin an ram nitlaknaklam ih ram nor vivo duhnak thinlung a neihter. American ramminung tampi cun an phunhnam cu Sakta America hmuahhmuah hlawm khat ih an umkhawm theinak ding ih ttuanvo neitu a si tiah an pom.
Europe khawmualpi Nitlaklam ah, phunhnamveinak in Italian phunhnam pumkhatnak le German phunhnam pumkhatnak a suahter. Annih hi ram tampi ih tthen darh aw an sinak ihsin komkhawm aw in ram pakhat ah an hung ding. Italy pumkhatawknak cu 1870 ah a kim fel ih, German khal 1871 kum ah phunhnam-ram ah a hung cang.
Europe khawmualpi Nisuahlam ahcun phunhnam hlawm dangdang in mai’ phunhnam lawng a hlawm ih umnak ding ram fate sawn din tum in Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, le Russian kumpirampawl (empires) cu pahbal an tum hai. Himi phunhnam mahte ukrelawknak (national self-determination) ngah an tumnak hi Leitlunhuap Ralbuaipi I (1914-1918) suaktertu thubuai lak ih pakhat a si ve. Leitlunhuap Ralbuaipi I a cem tikah kumpirampawl cu an kekkuai taktak ti khal kan hmu thei.
1930 kumpawl ah thunei pumhlum uktu (dictator) pahnih – Germany ih Adolf Hitler le Italy ih Benito Mussolini- in phunhnamveinak ttansan in an ram mipipawl cu mai’ phunhnam hrangih rinumnak nasa zet nei ding ah an phut. Annih pahnih hin Integral Nationalism timi an suahpi. Integral Nationalism timi cun phunhnam tthenkhat cu a dang hmuahhmuah hnak in an cungcuang sawn timi ruahnak a si. Himi ruahnak hin, cui’ phunhnam cungcuang sinak cun rikham hnget zet a nei ti khal in a fehpi cih. Himi Integral Nationalism ih fehpimi lungput ruangah Nazi-pawl cun Jew phunhnam minung million tampi an thah phah ih, phunhnam hnuaihung pawl ti ih an ruat mi phunhnam dangdang khal million tampi an that fawn. Cuihleiah Germany le Italy cun leitlun pumpi neh thluh an tum. Cui’ an cangvaihnakpawl in Leitlun Ralbuaipi II (1939-1945) a suahter fawn.
Leitlun Ralbuaipi II hnu ah, phunhnamveinak hin Africa le Asia khawmualpi ih colony rampawl (colonies) cu mahte-cozah (self-government) neih duhnak a neihter. India le Pakistan in Britain hnen ihsin 1947 ah zalennak an sualsuak. A hmai kum ah Zion-phungthluk (Zionism) timi phunhnamvei cangvaihnak a suak ih, cumi ih cangvaihnak vawrtawp ah Israel ram a rung ding.
1970 kumpawl ahcun phunhnam hlawm 80 lenglo in zalennak an ngah. Cui’ zalennak a ngah mi ram tampi sung ih phunhnampawl cu hlan san ihsi pehparawknak rak nei rei si hran lo tla an si. Hlanlai ihsi pehparawknak rak neih reinak hi Europe khawmualpi ih phunhnampawl lak ahcun phunhnam hlawmkhatawknak lungput neihtertu a si. Asinan, ram zalen thar pawl khal ah phunhnam pumkhatawknak um sinsin ding ih nortu ah, phunhnamveinak lungput hi, an hruaitupawl in an hmang ko.
1990 kumpawl tirlam khal ah phunhnamveinak hin Europe Khawmualpi Nisuahlam ih ram tthenkhat cu a kuaiter ih phunhnam-ram tampi an suak. A kekkuai mi rampawl cu Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, le Czechoslovakia pawl an si.
Phunhnamveinak hin tthatnak le tthatlonak a pahnih in a nei thei. Phunhnamveinak hin phunhnam hlawm khat sungih minungpawl cu laicinawknak (belonging) a neihter, an phunhnam parih uarawknak thinlung (pride) a neihter ih, an ram hrangih pekawknakpawl (sacrifices) khal a neihter thei. An phunhnam in calai le awnmawi tivek ih hlawhtlinnak a ngah mi pawl khal an ngaihven cuang fawn.
Khatlam ah phunhnamveinak hin phunhnam pakhat le pakhat lakah eltaiawknak (rivalry) le hmuh-sakhi-awknak (tension) a suahter ttheu fawn. Phunhnam ropitnak (national glory) le rallam hlawhtlinnak (military conquest) neihduhnak thinlung hin ralbuainak (war) a thlenter thei (ttheu) fawn. Phunhnamveinak luarkai (extreme nationalism) phei cun a hrin zawng ih huatawknak (racial hatred) khal a suahter thei ih, mihlawm malsawn pawl (minority groups) nuai cimihnak a thlenter thei a si.
Hminsin: The World Book Encyclopedia, World Book, Inc. USA, 1994, Volume 14 sung ih Anthony D’Amato in “Nation” a simfiangdan cu hitin a si.
Nation timi cu zatlang ttong, cithlahawknak, sanphung, asilole nunphung in a pumkhatter mi minung hlawm tumpi pakhat khi a si (Nation is a large group of people united by a common language, ancestry, history, or culture)……….. Ramtamhuap daan ahcun, ‘nation’ timi hin, ram dang pawl ih pompinak nei in, ri kham felfai a nei mi hmunram pakhat sungah mahte-cozah thawi’ nunkhua a satu minung hlawm khat khi a sawhkhih (In international law, nation means a group of people excercising self-government within a defined territory with the recognition of other nations)………… ……Ramtamhuap daan ahcun, nation pakhat khi ram pakhat asilole rampi pakhat ti ih kawh cang khal a um (Sometimes in international law, a nation is called a country or state).
*The World Book Encyclopedia, World Book, Inc. USA, 1994, Volume 14 ihta leh mi a si.
No comments:
Post a Comment