Ramtamhuap Pawlkompawl II

(1)            Sumsiamlam Ttuankhawmnak le Tthansohnak Pawlpi

(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development / OECD)

1961 kum ah ram khat le ram khat karlak ih sumsiamlam ttuankhawmnak um thei ding le, tthansohnak hrangih ttuan tlang thei ding in an din mi a si. Tu fang ih sungtel rampawl cu Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, le  United States pawl an si. A teltu rampawl hi milian ram deuh hlir an si ruangah Milianpawl Club ti khal in an ko. Leitlun ih hman ding bungruapawl (goods) le tawlrel ttuanrianpawl (services) hmuahhmuah ih tthen thum tthen hnih cu himi pawlpi sungtel rampawl ih kut sung ah a um.

Himi OECD hi 1948 ih rak din mi European Sumsiamlam Ttuankhawmnak Pawlpi (Organisation for European Economic Co-operation/ OEEC) arhter mi pawlkom a si. December 14, 1960 kum ah European ram 18 le, United States, le Canada rampawl in pawlpi din ding ih lungkimnak hminsen an kar ih, September 30, 1961 ihsin hmual a nei thok.

OECD ih tumtah mi cu sungtel rampawl an neihnun vivo theinak ding ih ttuan khawm tlang a si. Asinan tuini ahcun leitlun pumpi huap in zatlanglam (social), ramkhellam (political), le nunphunglam (cultural) tivek tthansohnak ding khal a ttuan vivo. An zung hrampi cu France ram, Paris khawlipi ah a um.

(2)            Europe Humhualnak le Ttuankhawmnak Pawlpi
(Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe / OSCE)

Europe khawmualpi ih ram hmuahhmuah funkhawmawknak pawlpi a si. Europe khawmual lenglam ih United States le Canada khal an tel. Europe khawmualpi himnak le hngelhngehnak a hngongtheitu ding thuhlapawl hrangih thutluknak `ha tuah thei ding in ttankhawm ding an tumtah. An zunghrampipawl cu Austria ram, Vienna khawpi ah an um.

Pawlpi hi 1972 ah din thok a si. 1973-75 ah Finland ram, Helsinki khawpi ah, tonkhawmpi an nei ih (Albania siar lo) Europe ram hmuahhmuah an tel thluh. Cumi san lai ih Europe ram 33, United States le Canada pawl an kim thluh. Tonkhawmnak ahcun Helsinki Thupompawl (Helsinki Accords) cu August 1, 1975 ah hminsen an kar. Cutawkah American ih kaihhruai mi Sakta Atlantic Lungkimca Pawlpi (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) le Soviet Union ih hoha mi Warsaw Lungkimca (Warsaw Pact) pawlpi cun Europe khawmualpi ramripawl cu hnaihnok lo ding in an lung a kim ih, milai canvo (human rights) le zalennak bulhram pawl (fundamental freedoms) khal ngai thupi ding in lungkimnak an nei ve. Himi hnu khal ah tonkhawmnak phunphun an nei ringring.

1989 kum ih communist cozahpawl an tluksiat tikah Germany ram khal 1990 ah ram khat ah an kom aw. Curuangah OSCE ih sungtel ram khal 35 ihsin 34 ah a tla lawk. Communist rampawl tluksiatnak in Europe khawmual ih ram thar dangdang a suahter mi thuhla rel ding in OSCE cun Paris Tonkhawmpi a tuah. Paris Tonkhawmpi ah Europe khawmualpi thar hrang ih lungkimca an tuah. 1991 ah Estonia, Latvia, le Lithuania pawl sungtel an si ih, Soviet Union ih tohkham cu Russia in a run co. 1992 ah Soviet Union sung ih a rak um dah mi rampawl khal sungtel ah an rung lut ih, Albania khal a lut ve. Tu fang ah hin sungtel ram 55 an si.

(3)            Ram Zalen Neihsiah Zomkhawm
(Commonwealth of Independent States / CIS)

Russian ttong in Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv an ti.  Soviet Dingkhawmram  ih rak um khawm dah  ram pawl ih din mi a si. 1991 kum ah Russia le a venghnen ram dang 11 in an din.

December 8, 1991 kum ah Russia, Ukraine, le Belarus (Belorussia) ih ramhruaitupawl cun a kuai darh mi Soviet Socialist Hrilhotu Dingkhawmram (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics /U.S.S.R) aiawhtu ding pawlkom thar din ding in lungkimnak hminsen an kar. Himi Slav hrilhoturam (Slavic republics) pathum hi rei lo te ah Asia Laili (Central Asia) rampawl a si mi Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, le Uzbekistan rampawl, Caucasus Tlangtluan rampawl (transcaucasian republics) a si mi Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, le Moldova rampawl in an pehzom hai. Asinan Soviet Dingkhawmram sungtel a rak si dah mi Lithuania, Latvia, le Estonia cun an pehzom khawsuak lo. December 21, 1991 ah pawlpi din ding in an tawlrel thok ih, zunghrampi cu Belarus ram, Minsk khawpi ah an ret.

Sungtel rampawl ih sumsiamnak (economics), ramleng pehtlaihnak (foreign relation), humhualawknak (defense), ram sung mi lut-suak pawlisi (immigration policy), kiangkap kilhimnak (environmental protection), le daan hmualneihternak (law enforcement) pawl bawm aw ton thei ding in pawlpi hin khua a khang ttheu. Pawlpi ih thuneihnak sangbik cu sungtel rampawl ih rampi lu (head of state) le cozah lu (head of government) pawl thawi' din mi Council hnenah a um. Rampi lu cu tuisan khawvel ahcun a tlangpithu in ramhotu (president) le siangpahrang tivek an si. Cozah lu timi cu a tlangpithu in tlangbawi pi (prime minister) tivek an si ttheu.

(4)            Neihsiah Zomkhawm Rampawl
(Commonwealth of Nations)

Commonwealth ti lawng khal in an ko. A hlan ih British Commonwealth of Nations rak si dah (1931- 49), lehhnu ih 'British' timi hlon leh mi a si. Pawlkom zalen pakhat a si ih, United Kingdom le, a tlangpithu in, a hlan ih a rak uk dah mi rampawl pehzomkhawmawknak pawlkom a si. Sungtel rampawl cun British siangpahrang (monarch) cu pawlkom ih lubik hminsinnak (symbolic head) ah an pawm. 1965 kum ah Neihsiah Zomkhawm Sungttuanzung (Commonwealth Secretariat) cu London khawpi ah din a si ih, neihsiah zomkhawm pawlkom ih cangvaihnak cu London ihsin a hoha.

Sanphung zawng ih zoh cun Neihsiah Zomkhawm hi British Kumpiram (Empire) ihsi rung suak a si. British hi a kuthnuai rampawl nuamtete'n mahte-cozah (self-government) a petu ram a si ih, zabi 19 ahcun a kuthnuai ih ram tampi cun thuneihnak sangbik (sovereignty) khuimawcin an nei zo. 1931 ahcun ram tthenkhat cu mahte-cozah ngaingai tluk ih an can ruangah British Commonwealth of Nations tiah kawh an rung si. Asinan kumpiram hmun dangdang ah phunhnamveinak a pung vivo ih, zalennak taktak an run dil vivo. 1947 ah India cu zalennak pek a si ih, cumi in Commonwealth ih sullam khal thleng a ttulter phah. 1947 ah India le Pakistan cu Commonwealth ih sungtel ram an rung si.

1948 kum ah Burma (Myanmar) in zalennak a ngah ve. Asinan sungtel si a duh lo (Himi thuhla thawn pehpar in cahram cemnak ah thu belhsah a um).1949 kum ah India in hrilhoturam* (republic) si ding ih tumtahnak a neih thu a phuang. Hrilhotu ram si ding cun Commonwealth sungtel sinak ihsin a suah a ttul. Ziangahtile rampi lu (head of state) ah British siangpahrangnu hman a theih nawn lo ding; ramhotu (president) kha rampi lu a si thlang ding ruangah a si. Asinan 1949 kum, April thla ah Commonwealth cozah lupawl London ih an tonkhawmnak ah India in British siangpahrang lukhum cu 'pawlkom zalen ih hminsinnak' (symbol of the free association) ah a pom thei a si ahcun sungtel a si thei tiah an rel cat.

Himi thuphuansuah (declaration) hin pawlkom hmin ih British timi hlon a ttulter phah. Curuangah Commonwealth of Nations ti lawng a rung si ih, a tlangpithu cun Commonwealth ti lawng in an ko fawn. 1949 kum ah Ireland cu pawlkom ihsin a suak. 1961 kum ah Thlangta Africa, 1972 kum ah Pakistan khal an suak lawk. Asinan Thlangta Africa cu 1994 ah, Pakistan cu 1989 ah an lut sal. Zabi 20 hrek hnu lam ah Commonwealth ih sungtel ram cu nasa zet in an karh. British Kumpiram ih rak um dah lo lawlaw Mozambique hman 1995 kum ah sungtel ah a lut.

Commonwealth hi ramtam huap pawlkom dang pawl thawn an bang aw lo. Kaihhruaiawknak asilole daan fumfe ngai a nei lo. Sungtel rampawl khal pakhat le pakhat ttuanvo lakawknak ngai a um lo. Nunphung, zirthlurhnak (institution), le tontehnak pawl hlawm aw khawm in, sumsiamlam khal ih ttanpi aw khawm ding ih duansuah mi men a si. Ram khat le ram khat karlak ih relkhawmnak, thu le hla hlawmawktonnak par ah a tthum aw bik. Sungtel rampawl cun sungtel ram dangdang hnenah palai an nei. Cozah lupawl tonkhawmnak cu kum hnih vei khat neih a si.

Ram zalen pawl lawng si lo in zalennak nei hrih lo ram pawl khal Commonwealth ah an tel.  Cupawl cu a Great Britain, Australia, asilole New Zealand pawl ih rak uk dah mi an si hai. Cupawl cu Anguilla, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, the Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, and the Turks and Caicos Islands (Britain); Christmas Island, the Cocos Islands, the Coral Sea Islands, and Norfolk Island (Australia); and Niue and Tokelau (New Zealand) pawl an si.

*Hrilhoturam (Republic) timi cu hril mi hotu in a uk mi ram a si. Hril mi hotu kha amai' canbi a cem cun hotu sinak a nei nawn lo. Tuisan ahcun ramhotu (president) khi an si tlangpi. Curuangah Kawlpawl cun သမၼတႏုိင္ငံ tiah an ko.

Thu Belhsah:

Kan ram (Myanmar) khal hi British in zalennak in pek zik tikah Commonwealth pawlkom sungih telter in duh. Commonwealth sungtel kan si ahcun ralthuam  le raldonak lam ih bomnak, sumsiamlam ih bomnak pawl a um. Kan ram hruaitu Aung San le Thakhin Nu pawl cun Commonwealth sungtel ih um an rak duh. Kan tel ahcun a malbik in rampum huap pumkhatawknak hrangih tuahttuannak ah siseh, sumsiamlam hrang khal ah siseh, hnaihnoktu an um thei lo ding ti an thei.

Asinan Leitlun Ralbuaipi II cem zawng a si tikah Soviet Dingkhawmram hruaitu Stalin khal in leitlun pumpi communist ram ih canter ding ruahsannak thawi' hna a ttuan lai a rak si. India a luhcilh ih, Nisuah-thlanglam Asia khal ah umhmun khuar a duh. Curuangah midang rinsan lo ih mahte ukawknak neih a ttul tivek ruahnakpawl a run thun. Kan ram sung ih communist party hruaitupawl thluak sungah cuvek khawruahnakpawl a tuh lut. Ttawnttemnak a um ahcun zalennak a si lo tivekpawl a thun lut.

Curuangah ram hruaitu lubanpawl lakah hmuhdan bang aw lo a suak. Kum upa deuh Thakhin Mya tivek, le ဗမာျပည္ကြန္ျမဴနစ္ပါတီ dintu Thakhin Soe, Thakhin Than Tun tivek minopawl in Commonwealth ih lut ding cu nasa zet in an dokalh. Thakhin Soe phei cun zalennak timi cu a do ih do suah mi a si, a lak ih pek mi cu zalennak ngaingai a si lo ti'n ramlak ah hmun a khuar lohli.

Cutin Commonwealth ih lut lo ding in a neh sawn ruangah, British-pawl cun 'nanmai' harsatnak cu nanmahte run tuar men uh' ti'n an tlung.

Tuihnu ih vun thlir sal dan ah, Commonwealth ah rak tel sehla cun kan ram ih kum 60 lenglo a thleng rero mi ram sung ral (leitlun ih ram sung ral awh reibik miangmo a si) khal a um lo men thei. Aung San le pawl phiarthah an tuar mi khal hi a thleng lo men thei. Sungtel pakhat le pakhat tontehnak le theihfimnak phunphun hlawmawkkhawmnak pawlkom ah rak um sehla cun kan dinhmun cu a danglam deuh ding ti a zum um.

Commonwealth ih lut ruangah ram pakhat ih thuneihnak sangbik (sovereignty) a hloh cuang lo ruangah phunhnamveinak zawng ih thlir khal in a poi hmel lemlo. A hleice in tlang par rampawl hrangah phei cun Commonwealth hin ham`hatnak tampi in rak pek thei a zum um.

Rel duh mi cu 'vei khat te rak ti sual pang mi ramkhel kalhmang (policy) in ziang tluk in hmailam caan a hngong thei' timi kha a si.

(Thu Belhsah hrangih ron mi cahram: Pyithuhkhit, No. 3, Vol. 133, February 14, 2013, cahmai 17).