Biazai cu Ziang A Si?
Biazai
timi cu, hmualnabik, sungtuah thukbik, le awkhiah neibik ruang-ampawl
neitu Calai khi a si (Literature in its most intense, most imaginative,
and most rhythmic forms). Calai lakih thukbik le calai timi ramri sungih
fiangfaite’n a lutbik mi calai ruang-am a si ruangah calai theory
(literary theory) le fakselnak theory (critical theory) tamsawn cun
biazai sungah hna an ttuan, biazai hi an hmuitin ttheu. (Hminsin: Biazai
= Poetry, Bezai = Poem)
Biazai le thutluang (prose) cu, a hramthoknakbik ahcun, catlang tthendan
ah an danglam aw. Biazai cun catlang (line) a hmang ih, thutluang cun
catluan (sentence) a hmang. Biazai ih catlang hlawm cu caangtthen
(stanza) a si ih, thutluang ih catluan hlawmkhawm cu catluanhlawm
(paragraph) a si. Biazai catlang cu a catluan zawng ih zoh cun catluan
kimcang pakhat khal a si thei bang in, kimcang lo khal a si thei. Bezai
phuahtu in a duh dandan in a remkhawmmi an si.
A tlangpithu cun Biazai ahhin hmuithlam hmang ih thuhla pholangnak
(imagery) a tam ttheu ruangah (a hleice in khaikhin ih
thurelnak/metaphor) thutluang ih kan hmuh tlangpi mi ca hnakin a sullam
(tican) ngaihven thuk a ttul ttheu.
Biazai (poetry) timi ttongfang hi a tlangpithu cun caang (verse) ih ngan mi ca hmuahhmuah khihhmuhtu ih hman a si ttheu nan, tlinnak sang a nei mi caang khunkhan (serious verse composition of high quality) lawng khihhmuhtu khal ah hman a si thotho. Caang (verse) timi ttongfang khal hi biazai hmuahhmuah khihhmuhtu ah hman a si ttheu nan, tlinnak sang le cungcuang a neitu bezai hrang lawng ih Biazai timi ttongfang a hmangtu cun, caang timi hi calailam manmual a nei tuk lo mi bezai kawhnak ah an hmang.
Tlinnak sang a nei lemlo mi caang khi cu caang zangkhai (light verse) tiah an ko. Cang zangkhai cu hnihsuak um, sullam nei hran mumal lo, asilole ttongfang relbawl kual menmen mi tivek an si ttheu. Asinan cuvek an tuahnak hrangah thiamnak cuangmuar zet an hmang ve thotho. A ruang-am zawng ih rel cun caang zangkhai ahhin Limerick* le Epigram** ihsin Parodies*** le Occasional Verse**** phunphun tiang an tel thei.
Caang zangkhai hi bezaipu khunkhan pawl (serious poets) khal in an ngan cang a um. Tthimnak ah John Milton, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, le T. S. Eliot tivek khal in an rak ngan ve phah. Asinan caang zangkhai an ngannak ihsin mipi theih hlawhtu hminthang tthenkhat cu Edward Lear, Lewis Carroll, W. S. Gilbert, Ogden Nash, le Dorothy Parker tivekpawl an si.
Caang Zalen (Free Verse)
Cindanthlun Cangruang-ampawl (traditional verse form) thawn a dang aw mi biazai khi a si. Thleithlakawkdan kalhmang thlun ringring mi nei ih duansuah mi awfang (syllable) remawkdan (regular beat of meter) nei hran lo in, bezaipu in ttongsuah awkhiah pangai pawl ih awnmawi umtudan a tontuar dandan parih a tthum aw sawn mi (on the individual poet’s sensitivity to the music of natural speech rhythms) awfang remawkdan sawn neitu biazai a si. Caang zalen hin a tlangpithu cun ttelh (rhyme) khal a nei lemlo ih, catlang sau le tawi khal bang aw lo culci an si deuh. Catluan fehdan khal ah thlun hranpa mi kalhmang a nei lemlo.
San thar ih caang zalen ngansuah cangvaihnak hi zabi 19 lai ih Walt Whitman i’ Leaves of Grass bezaipu ihsin siseh, French symbolist-pawl***** a si mi Charles Baudelaire le Paul Verlaine ih biazai in siseh, English bezaipu Gerard Manley Hopkins ih bezaipawl in siseh, a rak thok mi a si.
Zabi 20 sungih biazai khawvel ah caang zalen hi a tamsawn ko nan, bezaipu tthenkhat cun cindanthlun ttelh le tehkhawng (meter) hman hi an ngaina sawn. An hrang ahcun caang zalen ngan cu, American bezaipu ropi Robert Frost ih ttongkam in, “Net phelh ih tennis leh vek” (like playing tennis with the net down) a si.
Bezaipu dang pawl ih hrang lala ahcun caang zalen ngan hin anmah bulpak awkhiah le mit-hmuh pianzia ruang-am (rhythmic and visual form) sersuah thar theinak canvo a pe ve thung. Caang zalen ngantu bezaipu tthenkhat cun bezai fing khat cio hrangah ruang-am thar pakhat vivo an tuah. Midang lala cun bezai pakhat hnu pakhat ih hman vivo mi kalhmang asilole ruang-am an sersuak. Sim duh mi cu, caang zalen timi hi zalen vuarvi duh ruangih ngan a si lo ih, kalhmang thar sersuak thei ding in, a hlun thlun nawn lo, tican sawn a si.
Bezaipu tthenkhat lala cun bezai pakhat hrangih kalhmang thar sersuah vivo hnakin kalhmang um cia thlun hi an duh sawn ve. Tthimnak ah Robert Frost cun, “Cindanthlun Bezai ruang-am ka hman ruangah, kalhmang thar sersuah ding timi phur rit ihsin ka luat ih, ka ngan ding mi thuhla kha tthate’n ka ngaihsak thei sawn,” tiah a sim.
Tui ttum cu hivial in duhtawk sehla. A remcan dandan in kan peh leh pei.
Ref:
1. Kathleen Morner & Ralph Rausch, NTC’s Dictionary of Literary Terms, USA: NTC Publishing Group, 1998.
2. Kianghrol, Calai Zirnak Hmaihruai, Tahan-Kalaymyo: Zolun Computer, 2011.
3. Klirlungz, Biazai Rianram, Tahan-Kalaymyo: Zolum Computer, 2010.
.....................................................
Notes:
*Limerick = Pianhmang felfai a nei mi sullam nei mumal lo caang phun khat a si. Caangtthen pakhat ih catlang panga um, aabba ti ih ttelh (rhyme) nei mi a si. Catlang pakhatnak, pahnihnak le panganak ah anapestic suum thum (three anapestic feet/ awfang niam pahnih in awfang sang pakhat an thlun mi awkhiah hlawm pathum) an um ih, catlang pathumnak le palinak ahcun anapestic suum hnih an um. Tahtthimnak bezai:
There was a young lady of Wilts, a
Who walked up to Scotland on stilts; a
When they said it was shocking b
To show so much stocking, b
She answered, “Then what about kilts?” a
**Epigram = Biazai khal ah Thutluang khal ah hman theih mi calai ruang-am pakhat a si ih; tawi-fel-famkim (terse), hnihsuak um deuh, asilole rel duh mi fuh cutci ih tarlangnak bezai asilole ttongkam a si. Tthimnak ah Oscar Wilde in, “Thlemnak timi si lo hi cu ziangtinkim ka tuar thei thluh,” (I can resist everything except temptation) a timi vek hi a si (Thlemnak bikbik a tuar thei lo cun tingaihnak um cuang hlah maw!). Epigram ti hi a tir ahcun thlanlung (tomb) parih tawi-feltei’ ngan mi bezai a rak khihhmuh. Asinan tuisan ahcun ttongfim (saying), khuahttelh (couplet – a thuhla a famkim mi bezai catlang ttelh aw pahnih), asilole Quatrain (catlang pali a um mi bezai asilole bezai catlang pali hlawm khat) tivek khal a si thei.
***Parody = Nganca pakhat deusiah (ziau asilole sisiau) duh ruangih cui’ nganca ih ruang-am le kalhmang va cawn hrim mi nganca khi a si. A deusiah duh mi nganca ih hmelhmang (bezai asile a ngandan kalhmang) kha thlun hrim phah in a sungih um mi thuhla kha a rel uar ciamco hrim tlangpi.
****Occasional Verse = Ni hleice hrangih ngan mi bezai khi a si. Theihlar mi Occasional Verse tthenkhat cu John Milton ih sonnet “On the Late Massacre in Piedmont”, Alfred Lord Tennyson ih “Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington,” Walt Whitman ih “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” (Abraham Lincoln ih thihnak thuhla a ngan mi), le W. H. Auden ih “In Memory of W. B. Yeats” tivek an si. A tlun ih tarlang mi bezaipawl cu calailam manmual (literary value) an neih tthat ruangih cinken an hlawh zet lai ah, occasional verse tam zet cu cinken an hlawh lo. A tlangpithu in caang zangkhai ih ret an si ttheu.
Biazai (poetry) timi ttongfang hi a tlangpithu cun caang (verse) ih ngan mi ca hmuahhmuah khihhmuhtu ih hman a si ttheu nan, tlinnak sang a nei mi caang khunkhan (serious verse composition of high quality) lawng khihhmuhtu khal ah hman a si thotho. Caang (verse) timi ttongfang khal hi biazai hmuahhmuah khihhmuhtu ah hman a si ttheu nan, tlinnak sang le cungcuang a neitu bezai hrang lawng ih Biazai timi ttongfang a hmangtu cun, caang timi hi calailam manmual a nei tuk lo mi bezai kawhnak ah an hmang.
Tlinnak sang a nei lemlo mi caang khi cu caang zangkhai (light verse) tiah an ko. Cang zangkhai cu hnihsuak um, sullam nei hran mumal lo, asilole ttongfang relbawl kual menmen mi tivek an si ttheu. Asinan cuvek an tuahnak hrangah thiamnak cuangmuar zet an hmang ve thotho. A ruang-am zawng ih rel cun caang zangkhai ahhin Limerick* le Epigram** ihsin Parodies*** le Occasional Verse**** phunphun tiang an tel thei.
Caang zangkhai hi bezaipu khunkhan pawl (serious poets) khal in an ngan cang a um. Tthimnak ah John Milton, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, le T. S. Eliot tivek khal in an rak ngan ve phah. Asinan caang zangkhai an ngannak ihsin mipi theih hlawhtu hminthang tthenkhat cu Edward Lear, Lewis Carroll, W. S. Gilbert, Ogden Nash, le Dorothy Parker tivekpawl an si.
Caang Zalen (Free Verse)
Cindanthlun Cangruang-ampawl (traditional verse form) thawn a dang aw mi biazai khi a si. Thleithlakawkdan kalhmang thlun ringring mi nei ih duansuah mi awfang (syllable) remawkdan (regular beat of meter) nei hran lo in, bezaipu in ttongsuah awkhiah pangai pawl ih awnmawi umtudan a tontuar dandan parih a tthum aw sawn mi (on the individual poet’s sensitivity to the music of natural speech rhythms) awfang remawkdan sawn neitu biazai a si. Caang zalen hin a tlangpithu cun ttelh (rhyme) khal a nei lemlo ih, catlang sau le tawi khal bang aw lo culci an si deuh. Catluan fehdan khal ah thlun hranpa mi kalhmang a nei lemlo.
San thar ih caang zalen ngansuah cangvaihnak hi zabi 19 lai ih Walt Whitman i’ Leaves of Grass bezaipu ihsin siseh, French symbolist-pawl***** a si mi Charles Baudelaire le Paul Verlaine ih biazai in siseh, English bezaipu Gerard Manley Hopkins ih bezaipawl in siseh, a rak thok mi a si.
Zabi 20 sungih biazai khawvel ah caang zalen hi a tamsawn ko nan, bezaipu tthenkhat cun cindanthlun ttelh le tehkhawng (meter) hman hi an ngaina sawn. An hrang ahcun caang zalen ngan cu, American bezaipu ropi Robert Frost ih ttongkam in, “Net phelh ih tennis leh vek” (like playing tennis with the net down) a si.
Bezaipu dang pawl ih hrang lala ahcun caang zalen ngan hin anmah bulpak awkhiah le mit-hmuh pianzia ruang-am (rhythmic and visual form) sersuah thar theinak canvo a pe ve thung. Caang zalen ngantu bezaipu tthenkhat cun bezai fing khat cio hrangah ruang-am thar pakhat vivo an tuah. Midang lala cun bezai pakhat hnu pakhat ih hman vivo mi kalhmang asilole ruang-am an sersuak. Sim duh mi cu, caang zalen timi hi zalen vuarvi duh ruangih ngan a si lo ih, kalhmang thar sersuak thei ding in, a hlun thlun nawn lo, tican sawn a si.
Bezaipu tthenkhat lala cun bezai pakhat hrangih kalhmang thar sersuah vivo hnakin kalhmang um cia thlun hi an duh sawn ve. Tthimnak ah Robert Frost cun, “Cindanthlun Bezai ruang-am ka hman ruangah, kalhmang thar sersuah ding timi phur rit ihsin ka luat ih, ka ngan ding mi thuhla kha tthate’n ka ngaihsak thei sawn,” tiah a sim.
Tui ttum cu hivial in duhtawk sehla. A remcan dandan in kan peh leh pei.
Ref:
1. Kathleen Morner & Ralph Rausch, NTC’s Dictionary of Literary Terms, USA: NTC Publishing Group, 1998.
2. Kianghrol, Calai Zirnak Hmaihruai, Tahan-Kalaymyo: Zolun Computer, 2011.
3. Klirlungz, Biazai Rianram, Tahan-Kalaymyo: Zolum Computer, 2010.
.....................................................
Notes:
*Limerick = Pianhmang felfai a nei mi sullam nei mumal lo caang phun khat a si. Caangtthen pakhat ih catlang panga um, aabba ti ih ttelh (rhyme) nei mi a si. Catlang pakhatnak, pahnihnak le panganak ah anapestic suum thum (three anapestic feet/ awfang niam pahnih in awfang sang pakhat an thlun mi awkhiah hlawm pathum) an um ih, catlang pathumnak le palinak ahcun anapestic suum hnih an um. Tahtthimnak bezai:
There was a young lady of Wilts, a
Who walked up to Scotland on stilts; a
When they said it was shocking b
To show so much stocking, b
She answered, “Then what about kilts?” a
**Epigram = Biazai khal ah Thutluang khal ah hman theih mi calai ruang-am pakhat a si ih; tawi-fel-famkim (terse), hnihsuak um deuh, asilole rel duh mi fuh cutci ih tarlangnak bezai asilole ttongkam a si. Tthimnak ah Oscar Wilde in, “Thlemnak timi si lo hi cu ziangtinkim ka tuar thei thluh,” (I can resist everything except temptation) a timi vek hi a si (Thlemnak bikbik a tuar thei lo cun tingaihnak um cuang hlah maw!). Epigram ti hi a tir ahcun thlanlung (tomb) parih tawi-feltei’ ngan mi bezai a rak khihhmuh. Asinan tuisan ahcun ttongfim (saying), khuahttelh (couplet – a thuhla a famkim mi bezai catlang ttelh aw pahnih), asilole Quatrain (catlang pali a um mi bezai asilole bezai catlang pali hlawm khat) tivek khal a si thei.
***Parody = Nganca pakhat deusiah (ziau asilole sisiau) duh ruangih cui’ nganca ih ruang-am le kalhmang va cawn hrim mi nganca khi a si. A deusiah duh mi nganca ih hmelhmang (bezai asile a ngandan kalhmang) kha thlun hrim phah in a sungih um mi thuhla kha a rel uar ciamco hrim tlangpi.
****Occasional Verse = Ni hleice hrangih ngan mi bezai khi a si. Theihlar mi Occasional Verse tthenkhat cu John Milton ih sonnet “On the Late Massacre in Piedmont”, Alfred Lord Tennyson ih “Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington,” Walt Whitman ih “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d” (Abraham Lincoln ih thihnak thuhla a ngan mi), le W. H. Auden ih “In Memory of W. B. Yeats” tivek an si. A tlun ih tarlang mi bezaipawl cu calailam manmual (literary value) an neih tthat ruangih cinken an hlawh zet lai ah, occasional verse tam zet cu cinken an hlawh lo. A tlangpithu in caang zangkhai ih ret an si ttheu.
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