Ramtamhuap Pawlkom Thupi pawl - European Tangrual

Ramtamhuap Pawlkom Thupi pawl

  (1)           European Ttangrual   (European Union – EU)

Europe khawmual ih rampawl `anrualnak um thei ding tumtah ih din mi pawlkom a si. Leitlun ih pawlkom thupibik pakhat a si. A tir ah cun Europe khawmual nitlaklam rampawl lawng deuh rak komkhawm aw an si. Asinan lehhnu ah Europe khawmual laili le nisuahlam tiang in an telh vivo. Tu ah ram 27 an tel: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lat-via, Lithuania, Luxembo-urg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, le United Kingdom pawl an si.

EU hi Maastricht Treaty (Maastricht Lungkimca) ih din thok mi  a si ih, 1993, Nobember 1 ihsin hmual a nei thok. Maastricht Lungkimca hi Europe khawmual huap ih ramkhellam (political) le sumsiamlam (economic) ih `uantlangnak le pumkhatnak um thei ding tumtah ih tuah mi a si ih, sumpai phun khat (single currency) hman ding an tumtah. An tumtah bang in euro paisa khal an tuah suak.  Ramleng pehtlaihawknak ih pumkhatnak, humhimawknak hrang ih pumkhatnak, Europe khawmual huap ih senpi rammisinak canvo (common citizenship rights) nei thei ding in, mi vai suak le vai lut, beunak hawltupawl cinfelnak ih `angrual ding in, le daan lam ih pumkhatnak um thei ding  in, tivek tumtahnakpawl an nei.

A Hram Thoknak

Leitlunhuap Ralbuaipi II cem vete’n Europe khawmual ih rem `henkhat ah cun `anrualnak phunphun a rak um zo. 1951 ah Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, le Nitlaklam Germany pawl cun Paris Lungkimca (Treaty of Paris) tuah in European Lungmeihol le Kahpathir Zatlanghlawm (European Coal and Steel Community-ECSC) an rak din. Himi pawlkom hin sumsiamlam le ralkap thazang lam hrang ih `ulhai mi lungmeihol, coke, kahpathir tivek le thil dangdang bomawktonnak a rak umter. Himi pawlkom hin ukawknak lam ih pumkhatnak, daan lam ih pumkhatnak tivekpawl um thei ding in ruahmannak a rak neih ruangah European ~angrual hramthoknak pawlkom ah ruat theih a si.

1957, March 25 ah ECSC sungtel ram ruk cun Rome Lungkimcapawl (Treaties of Rome) an tuah sal ih, European Atom Thahram Zatlanghlawm (European Atomic Energy Community – Euratom) an dinsuak. Atom thahram hmandan lam ih `hansohnak um thei dingah `angrual ih `uantlang ding in, le European Sumsiamlam Zatlanghlawm (European Economic Community- EEC) din thei ding an tumtah. EEC cun sumsiamlam hrang ih a `ul mi phunphun ah `uantlang theinak a tawlrel.

EEC a din ruangah ram pakhat cio in sumsiamlam ih an rak hman mi kalhmang tampi cu ramtamhuap kalhmang si ding in an rem(h) phah. Sumsiamlam ah a eltai aw zawng si lo in, a sawmdawl aw zawng ih `uantlang thei ding in an zuam ih, harsatnak a tongtu ram bomnak ding hrangah European Zatlanglam Siahrelhsum (European Social Fund) khal an ret.

Maastricht Khawpi Lungkimca

European ~angrual hrang Lungkimca ti ih theihlar a si mi Maastricht Lungkimca hi 1992, February 7 ah Netherlands ram, Maastricht khawpi ih tuah mi lungkimca a si. Himi hi 1993, November 1 ihsin hmual a nei thok.

Lungkimca an tuah mi in European Economic Community kha European Community tiah an thleng. Lungkimca cun EC cu thuneihnak kau sinsin a pe. Rampi thuneihnak lam, `hansohnak lam, fimthiamnak lam, senpi harhdamnak lam, eitupawl humhualnak (consumer protection) le, kiangkap humhualnak, zatlanglam le sumsiam lam `uantlangnak, ningthiamphunglam (technological) zirhliakhlainak tivekpawl tiangah sungtel rampawl `uan tlang thei ding ih tawlreltu ah a cang. EU rammisinak (EU citizenship) khal a tuah. EU rammisinak neitu cun European Tlangsuakbu (Parliament) hrangah vote pek theinak an nei thluh. An umnak ram ruangih thleidannak zianghman a um lo.

Maastricht Lungkimca hin sungtel rampawl ih hman khawm ding mi senpi sumpai tahkhawng (common currency) um thei dingah cipciar deuh in ruahmannak a tuah. Senpi sumpai tahkhawng hmang ding in a `ul mi tahfung phunphun an tuah ruangah sungtel ram zate cun senpi sumpai tahkhawng an hmang cih thei lo. 1999, January 1 ah Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain timi ram 11 pawl cu senpi sumpai tahkhawng hmang thei ding in an tling. Greece ram cu a tling thei lo ih, Denmark, Sweden, le United Kingdom cun tel hrih lo ding in thutluknak an tuah ve thung. Greece khal 2001 ihsin senpi sumpai tahkhawng (euro paisa) hmang thei ding in siansak a si ve. Euro paisa hi a tir ah cun sumpai zuarmual (financial market) le `uanrian (business) ih hman ding lawng ah ruahman a  si, 2002 kum ihsi lawng in mipi zaran hman theih ding in an tuah.

Maastricht Lungkimca hin EEC ih kaihhruaiawknak le thutluknak tuahdan khal cipciar deuh in a tuah fawn.  Cun `uantlangnak dangdang khal a tuah bet. European Bank Laipi (European Central Bank), European Ningkhawng Bank Laipi Pawl (European System of Central Banks), le Euro-pean Sumpailam Zirthlurhzung (European Monetary Institute) tivekpawl an din.

Pawlkom Pung Vivo

1995, January 1 ah Sweden, Austria, le Finland in EU an pehzom. Curuangah nitlaklam Europe ram ah cun Iceland, Norway, le Switzerlands pawl lawng pawlkom sung ih tel lo ah an cang thlang. Norway cozah khal in 1972 le 1994 ah pawlkom ih tel ve a tum nan mipi vote an laknak ah lung kim lo an tamsawn ruangah a lut thei lo. Switzerland khal in 1990 kumpawl ah lut a rak tum dah ve. Asinan Norway, Iceland, le EU sungtel ram pawl hi (Liechtenstein khal tel in) European Sumsiamlam Area (European Economic Area) ih sungtel an si thluh thotho ruangah, zalen zet ih sumdawntonawknak cu an nei ko.

Maastricht Lungkimca hi Amsterdam Lungkimca (Treaty of Amsterdam), 1997 ah hminsen an kar ih 1999 May 1 ih hmual nei thok, hmang in an run rem `ha vivo.

2001 kum khal ah Nice Lungkimca (Treaty of Nice) an tuah ih 2003 ihsin hmual a nei thok. Rehdai Ral (Cold War) cem hnu cun cumi hlan ih communist ram a rak si mi nisuahlam le laili Europe khawmual ih rampawl khal EU sungtel ah an rung cang. Buainak um thei mi tampi a um cing in EU cun 2004 ah Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia timi ram 10 cu sungtel ah a pom. Cyprus le Malta siar lo hi cu a hlan ih communist ram rak si dah an si. A rung lut thar mi rampawl le EU sungtel si cia pawl ih sumsiamlam dinhmun thlauawknak, `hansohnaklam thlauawknak tivek le thil dang phunphun ruangah EU cun sumsiamlam le senpi sumpai tahkhawng tivek kalhmang a rak hman mi kha hman tengteng ding si cuang lo dinhmun ah a ret phah mi khal an um.

Bulgaria le Romania khal in 2007 ah EU an pehzom ve. Turkey ram hi Islamic ram a si ruangah le, Greece ram thawn (Cyprus thuhla ah) buainak nasa zet an neih ruangah, sungtel ih pom lut ding  in an rel `heu nan harsatnak tampi an tong hrih.

2002 kum ih an tuah mi Europe ih Hmailamcaan hrang Tonkhawmpi (Convention on the Future of Europe), French ramhotu hlun Valery Giscard d’Estaing ih kaihhruai mi, ah sungtel thar le hlun pawl ih pomtlang thei ding mi kaihhruaiawknak an relkhawm sal. Ram picang le tenau lak ih thuneihnak zemawkdan ding lam ah harsatnak nasa zet an tong. Ramtin ih cin le dan siatsuah lo ding zawng ih kaihhruaiawknak tuah ding khal ah harsatnak an tong. A hleice in an daanhrampi (constitution) ah Pathian le Khristian cindan langter ding a si maw si lo timi thu cu an rel buai zet. European senpihlawm (society) tamsawn cu Khristian cindan thluntu an si nan, ukawknak danhrampi netabik cun Pathian le Khristian cindan kaihhruaiawknak an langter nawn lo. An zam suah mi danhrampi cu 2004 ah hminsen an kar ih hmual an neihter. Asinan France le Netherlands ah cun mipi in an lungkim lo ruangah an pompi thei cih lo.

2007, December khal ah Germany ih kaihhruainak in Lisbon Lungkimca an tuah leh. Asinan Lisbon Lungkimca cu a hlan ih tuah cia mi Lungkimcapawl `hiatbalnak si lo in `ha vivo ding ih belhsahnak sawn a si.

EU Zunghrampi cu Belgium ram, Brussels khawpi ah a um.