Biazai Thawtnak Ziangtin Kan Tep Ding? (1)

Biazai ih Thawtnak Ziangtin Kan Tep Ding? (1)

Biazai cu Ziang A Si?

Mi tampi in biazai hi simfiang thei an zuam ttheu nan, thin diriam um ko ih simfiang theitu an um hrih lo. Biazai hin amah relfiang tumtupawl a kiankual rero tla a bang lamlam. Asinan, biazai thuhla ah kan theih ttul mi a um ih, amah kan tontuardan kha ziangvekin kan cawm pitling in kan kaihruai ding timi khal kan zir a ttul. Cumi lawngah biazai ih sinak kan tep ngah vivo ding. Biazai tep fuh thei ding in kan tuah theimi lakih tthabik cu biazai dik (true poetry) pakhat ah lo theih lo in a tel mi thilpawl theihthiam ding ih zuam hi a si. 

Cui' lo theih lo ih tel ttheu mi thilpawl thuhla kan rel hlan ah, biazai (poetry) le cang (verse) ih pehparawknak hi theihfiang zuam uhsi. Cang (verse) timi cu biazai (poetry) ih ruang-am/pianhmang (form) a si. Bezaipupawl in an biazai cu a tlangpithu in (a ringring cu si lo in) cang-ruangam (verse-form) thawn an ngan. Asinan cang (verse) ngan mi tampi, biazai si lo lawlaw an um lala. Cang cu a ruangpum (body) a si ih, biazai cu a thlarau (soul) a si. Thlarau um lo taksa ruangpum cu mithi a si. Himi hi kan rel vivo lai ding mi ihsin kan theifiang bet thei ding.

Cang (verse) cu danglam hranpa deuh ih sutsuah (printed) a si tlangpi. Cumi cu vei khat zoh hruak men khal ih thutluang (prose) thawi' na thleidan lohli theinak ding ah a si. Asinan cang pakhat tahnak diktak sawn cu 'mit' si lo in 'hna' sawn a si ziar. Ziangahtile cang cu awn ring ih siar tikah thutluang thawn an danglamnak cu a 'awn' sawn ah a rak si. A hnuai ih cahlawm pahnih, pakhat cu thutluang a si ih pakhat cu cang a si, ih awn danglamnak hi vun ngai ve hnik hman awla. (aw suak in siar awla, a awn kha tthate'n ngai aw).

(i) "The untrodden snow lay all bloodless on Linden, when the sun was low; and the flow of Iser, rolling rapidly, was dark as winter."

(ii) "On Linden, when the sun was low,

All bloodless lay the untrodden snow;

And dark as winter as the flow

Of Iser, rolling rapidly."

Himi cahlawm pahnih hi sullam bangrep ciah an si. A tel mi ttongfang rori hman an bang aw. Nambat (ii) khi "Hohenlinden" timi Campbell ih bezai sung ihta catlang pali lak mi a si. Nambat (i) khi cumi catlangpawl thotho kha remkhawmdan danglam ih ret mi a si. Asile awn ring ih siar tikah ziangvek in an awn a danglam! Himi danglamnak kan theih thei ahcun, thutluang le cang ih danglamnak cu a rei hlan ah kan thei thiam mei ding.

Cang-ruangam (verse-form) a nei mi cahlawm (nambat-ii) kan hmuh veten kan hmuh hmaisabik mi pahnih cu -

(1) Camdik Awkhiah (Regular Rhythm) - Khimi na siar tikah, ralkap feh rero pawl ih camdik kepal awn ti tthupttho vek, camdik vuak awn(regular beat of sound) na thei ko lo maw; asilole a laam rero mi minung pawl ih camdik kepal awn vek kha? Thutluang ahcun hivek ih camdik a nei mi 'awn' hi a um lo. Hivek ih camdik awn a suahnak san cu bezaipu in cuvek ih suak ding in awfang sang pawl (accented syllables), ttong suah ih kan hman caan ah aw sang ih kan sal ttheu mi ttongfang, kha a karthlak in bangreptei' a duansuah ruangah a si.

(Awfang (syllable) timi cu ttongfang ih um mi 'awsuak' relnak a si. Tthimnak ah 'pa' timi cu awfang pakhat lawng a nei. Khivek khi awfang pakhat lawng a nei mi ttongfang (monosyllabic word) an ti. 'Thiahlei' timi ahcun awfang pahnih a um (disyllabic). Cun, 'tifinriat' timi cun awfang pathum a nei. Awfang sang le niam timi cu 'thiahlei' timi ahkhin 'thia' timi khi awfang niam a si ih, 'hlei' timi khi awfang sang a si.. . .calettu)

Catlang hmaisabik ih tel mi awfang sang zate'n cafang peng in kan tuah (italicised) asile awfang pahnihnak hmuahhmuah cu ring deuh asilole fiangfel deuh ih salsuah an ttul ti na hmuthiam ding. (Phone thawn italic tuah ka thiam lo ruangah awfang sang umnak zawn kha cafang pi (capital letter) in ka langter hrih ding).

"On LINden WHEN the SUN was LOW."

Biazai sungah camdik nei in a kaiso mi le a ttumsuk mi awn luang pawl (the regular rising and falling in the flow of sounds in poetry), awn thacak (strong) le awn zangkhai a karthlak dan camdik ih um mi, laam cangvaihnakpawl (dance movements) camdik nei thlepthlo ding ih tuahtu khuang vuak vek, hi 'awkhiah' tiah kawh a si. Awkhiah hi a lalpa (chief), cang ah lo theih lo in a tel ding mi thil pakhat (essential characteristic) a si. Cumi cu cang le thutluang ih danglamnak khal a si cih. Himi hi lehhnu ah kan fiangter bet vivo ding.

(2) Ttelh (Rhyme)

Kan hmuh leh mi pakhat cu a hmaisa catlang pathum cemnak ttongfangpawl awn bangrep an neih mi khi a si - low, snow, flow. Ttongfangpawl in awphei awn (vowel sound) bangrep nei in awtung awn (consonant sound) bangrep thawi an cem tikah, cupawl cu ttelh ti an si. Tthimnak ah, keep, peep; jump, lump; hate, late; crew, few; glide, slide. Ttelh hi cang hrang ah a ttul ciamco hran lo (sim duh mi cu, ttelh um lo khal in cang na ngan thei tinak); asinan a tlangpithu in cang cu ttelh mi (rhymed) an si ve thung. Ttelh hin hmuitin mi pahnih a ttuan; dar tum awn vekih awn ngai nuam a suahter ruangah cang kha awnmawi a neih tthatter; cun, catlang cemnak ih hminsinnak tuah mi ah a can ruangah cang-ruangam (verse-form) a kilkhawi.

Cangtthenpawl (Stanzas)

Himi fiangtertu ding ah William Wordsworth ih "The Daffodils" bezai hi kan zoh ta pei.

I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o'er vales and hills,

When all at once I saw a crowd,

A host of golden daffodils.

Beside the lake, beneath the trees,

Fluttering and dancing in the breezes.

Continuous as the stars that shine

And twinkle on the milky way,

They stretched in never-ending line

Along the margin of a bay:

Ten thousand saw I at a glance

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced, but they

Outdid the sparkling waves in glee:

A poet could not but be gay

In such a jocund company!

I gazed - and gazed - but little thought

What wealth the show to me had brought.

For oft when on my couch I lie

In vacant or in pensive mood,

They flash upon that inward eye

Which is the bliss of solitude;

And then my heart with pleasure fills.

And dances with the daffodils.

Himi bezai na zoh tikah cang pakhat ih hmelhmang dang na hmu ding. Himi bezai hi unit dangdang ah tthen a si ih, unit zaten an ruangam (form) a bangrep ti na hmu ding. Unit pakhat in catlang paruk cio an nei, catlang pakhatnak cu pathumnak thawn an ttelh aw, pahnihnak cu palinak thawn, pangnak cu paruknak thawn. Hitivek, bezai pakhat sung ih unit lole hlawmtthen (division) pawl hi cangtthen tiah kawh an si. Bezai tamsawn, an zaten a si lo nan, cu pianhmang bangrep (same pattern) a nei mi cangtthenpawl thawn ngansuah an si hai.

Curuangah cang cu candik awkhiah (regular rhythm), ttelh le cangtthenpawl thawn hmelhmang neihter (characterized) a si. Himi lakah awkhiah hi makmawh a si. (makmawh = lo theih lo ih ttul). Awkhiah tel lo in biazai na ngan thei lo. Khatlam ah, bezai tamsawn cun ttelh le cangtthen-ruangampawl (stanza-forms) an nei ko nan, himi pahnih hi cu biazai ih thil makmawh an si lo, ziangahtile blank verse ih ngan mi bezaipawl tla kan nei. Blank verse timi cu catlang pakhat ah awfang pahra (ten syllables) ih ngan mi, catlang cemnak ih ttelh um lo a si.

Cutin, cang le biazai ih pehparawknak kan relkhawm thluh thlang ruangah, tu ahcun biazai diktak (true poetry) ih makmawh hmelhmangpawl (essential characteristics) kan ruat khawm thlang ding.

(1) Awnmawi (Music)

Biazai ih makmawh pakhatnak cu ttongfang ihsin a suak mi awnmawi (verbal music) a si. "Ttongfang awnmawi" (word music) ti ih kawh theih suak ding in bezaipu in a awn a mawi mi ttongfangpawl kha amai' pianken thluakfimnak hmang in a hril ih, a nai aw mi ttongfangpawl ih awn kha an rualremmawi (harmonise) theinak ding in a rem khawm. Cun, cui' awnmawi cu a thuhla (subject) thawi' mil aw ding in a thliarhran leh. Cuvekih remkhawn mi bezai catlangpawl ih awn cun bezai catlangpawl ih sullam kha a fiangter sinsin.

Asinan ttongfang awnmawi hi ttongfangpawl ih awnmawi awn (musical sound) lawng ah a tthum aw lo. Awkhiah khal ah a tthum aw ve. Biazai ih awnmawi in petu cu awkhiah duhnung pawl (lovely rhythms) le awn thlum nei ttongfangpawl (sweet-sounding words) komkhawmawknak khi a si. A hnuai ihta hi Dryden ih "Song for St. Cecilia's Day" bezai sungih cangtthen pahnih an si. Cangtthen hmaisa ih awkhiah rang (rapid rhythm) khin trumpet le khuang (drum) thawi' raldo ding ih theihternak ruangih thleng mi thinthirnak (excitement) khi fiangte'n a tarlang. Cangtthen pahnihnak ih awkhiah muang (fung) le daireh (quiet) khi phirivau le lute (hlanlai ttingttang ci khat) ih awn nem le dam diahdo thawn an mil aw zet.

"The trumpet's loud clangour

Excites us to arms,

With shrill notes of anger,

And mortal alarms.

The double double double beat

Of the thundering drum

Cries, Hark! the foes come;

Charge, charge, 'tis too late to retreat.

The soft complaining flute,

In dying notes, discovers

The woes of hopeless lovers,

Whose dirge is whisper'd by the warbling lute."

Tu ahcun bezaipupawl in awnmawi tthenkhat cangsuak ding in ziangvek an telh ti zoh uhsi.

(a) Ttelh (Rhyme) -

A ttelh aw mi ttongfangpawl (words rhyming together) in ngai a nuam mi awnmawi aw an suahter. Himi hi biazai ih ttelh an hman tamzetnak sanpawl lakih pakhat a si. Himi cang ih ttelh awn thlum zia hi vun ngai aw: -

"Strew on her roses, roses,

And never a spray of yew,

In quiet she reposes:

Ah! would that I did too!" (M. Arnold)

Sunglam ttelhpawl (internal rhymes)

(himi cu catlang cemnakpawl lawng ih ttelh ret mi si lo in catlang sung ih ngan mi ttelhpawl simduhnak a si)

Himi khal hin cang pakhat ah awnmawi (le awkhiah ih khul (acceleration) cak ding in a bawm) a belhsah ve. Tthimnak ah,

"The ice was here, the ice was there,

The ice was all around;

It cracked and growled, and roared and gowled.

Like noises in a swound!"      (Coleridge)

(b) Awphei le Awtung Awnpawl (vowel and consonant sounds)

Awphei ong aw sau pawl (long open vowels) le awtung nem pawl (l, m, n, v, w, z, tivek) in a hnuai ih bezai catlangpal ah awnmawi thlum, nem, le thawtnak nei ttha an suahter ti kan hmu thei:

"Season of mists and mellow fruitfullness." (Keats)

"Then in a wailful choir the small gnats mourns." (Keats)

"To dream and dream, like yonder amber light." (Tennyson)

"The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves." (Keats)

(c) Awzulh Aanhmui (Onomatopoeia)

Himi cu ttongfangpawl ih awn kha an sim duh mi sullam kawhhmuh (suggest) lole a awkhawk tarlang ding ih tuah mi aanhmui (figure of speech) pek mi hmin a si. (Kawlpawl in ‘may-tan-swey alinka’ an timi a si. . . . . calettu). English ah awzulh aanhmui tampi an um. Tthimnak ah, roar, bang, crash, clap, bump, bubble, screen, pop, moan, hum, murmur, etc. Bezaipupawl in awn thuhla an rel tikah, an hman remcang thei ahcun khivek awnpawl khi an hmang ding. Tthimnak ah : -

"The moan of doves in immemorial elms

And murmuring of innumerable bees." (Tennyson)

Thuropawl ai awn le khuaipawl awn celcel na thei thei ko lo sawm? Ttongfang tthenkhat khi awzulh aanhmui an si. Tthimnak ah, moan, murmuring. Ttongfang dang ih awphei nem pawl (soft vowels) le a hleicebik in 'm' le 'n' awn khin khuai zam awn murmo an tuahsuak. Tthimnak ah, immemorial, innumerable.

(d) Awthuah (alliteration)

Himi khal hi biazai ih hman mi aanhmui dang pakhat a si. Awtung lole awphei (cafang) awn bang aw ih thok mi ttongfangpawl hmun khat ah a umkhawmter. Tahtthimnak ah: -

"The faire breeze blew, the white foam flew

The furrow followed free. (Coleridge)

Hitawk ah 'f' awn in thli hrang rero awn a langter.

"I hear lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore." (Yeats)

Hitawk ah 'l' awn in tifawn fate pawl ih tidai awnpawl (liquid sounds) a langter ih, 's' le 'sh' awnpawl in an bawm.

"A reeling road, a rolling road, that rambles round the shire." (Chesterton)

Hitawk ah 'r' awnpawl in lamzin kawi sau ngiahngiah tarlangnak an bawm.

(e) Nolhmi (Repetition)

Hman nolh mi ttongfang lole thuhlawmtthen (phrases) pawl hin bezai fing khat ih sullam kha ngaihven um cuang ding an tuah lawng si lo in, caan tampi ah, a awnmawi ih hmual pungter ding khal in an ttuan.

"The woods decay, the woods decay and fall." (Tennyson)

"What hope of answer, or redress?

Behind the veil, behind the veil." (Tennyson)

"A weary time! A weary time!

How glazed each weary eye! (Coleridge)

"In ever climbing up a climbing wave." (Tennyson)

"The western tide crept up along the sand.

And o'er and o'er the sand.

And round and round the sand. (Kingsley)

(f) A puklak pawl (refrains)

A puklak hi nolhmi ci khat a si. Bezai tthenkhat ah catlang bang aw, lole cumi ih tthenhrekkhat, cu cangtthen cemnakpawl ah hman nolh vivo an si ttheu. Cuvek ih hman nolh mi catlang asilole thuhlawmtthen kha apuklak (burden or refrain) tiah an ko. (A puklak timi cu pupapawl hla ih an hman nolh ttheu mi catlang kawhnak a si ih, bezai hrang khal ah a rem thotho ruangah ka run hmang mei. . . . calettu)

(2) Thlirkhawlnak (Vision)

Biazai ih makmawh pahnihnak cu thlirkhawlnak a si. Bezaipu ropi timi cu 'hmutu' (seer or see-er); midang pawl in an hmuh lo mi thutakpawl (truths) hmuhtheinak neitu, sunglam thlarau thilpek (spiritual insight) neitu a si. Suangtuahnak nei lemlo mi zaran pakhat cun a theihzung (sense) pawl ihsi a hmuhton ngah mi lawng ngaihvennak cang a thiam ih, a hmuhton mi ih a lenglam hmelhmang lawng a thlir thiam. Asinan bezaipu cun cuhnak ih tam zet a thlir thiam. Annih cun mi zaran pawl ih hmuh thei lo mi thilpawl, cui thilpawl ih tlinnakpawl (qualities), le an pehparawknak pawl kha suahkeh fimnak ci khat an neih mi thawn thlirkhawlnak sungih an cen tikah an hmu thei. Biazai diktak timi cu thlirkhawlnak asilole suangtuahnak ih rahsuah (product) a si, ziangahtile biazai cu thlirkhawlmi lole suangtuahmi phosuahnak a si ruangah a si.

Wordsworth in Peter Bell timi, thuruattonnak cang thiam lo, suangtuah thiam lo, ih thuhla bezai fing khat a phuah dah. Peter Bell cun a mit ih a hmuh mi thil bak cu zianghman hmuh le theihsuah bet mi a nei ve lo. Thlirkhawlnak nei lo a si.

"A primroseby a river's brim

A yellow primrose was to him,

And it was nothing more."

(Tiva kap ih a um mi rong eng nei primrose pangpar cu Peter Bell in a hmu. Asinan a hmuh men khan a cem. Zianghman ruatsuah bet mi a nei nawn lo).

Asile tu ahcun primrose pangpar; asilole hramlak ah amahte'n a kho men mi pangpar, cun bezaipu diktak hnenah ziang a pesuak thei ti zoh hman aw. Amah Wordsworth lala in hitin a sim: -

"To me the meanest flower that blows can give

Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears."

(Wordsworth hrang ahcun cui mahte kho men pangpar cu sullam nei thukbik pakhat a si ih, ruahnak tam zet petu a si. Mitthli for thluahthlo ding ko ih tuahtheitu ruahnakpawl a pe theitu a si)

Bezaipu cun a taktak a si mi thil ih hmelhmang a tarlang. Khuarel thilpawl (natural objects) "vanlam tleunak hmang ih thuammi an si zia, an ropit zia le suangtuahnak tharhlam petu an si zia pawl" hmu thei ding in in bawm.

Biazai ropi ahcun thubur hmelhmang (suggestiveness) a um. A rel mi hnakih tam thubur a nei asilole a rel mi hnakih tam phosuah mi a nei. Vei khat maw vei hnih maw siar men ih theihthiam theih lo sullam thuk a nei.

(peh lai ding)