William Shakespeare : Milaihrin ih Thlalang (2)
(The Mirror of Mankind)
Leitlun
pumpi hi thuanthucawn donsang a si,
Milai
hmuah hi a nu a pa in thuanthu cawngtu men an si:
As You Like It, Can II, thlirmual VII.
A Kutsuak
Thuanthucawnpawl Thuhla
1592
hrangah London ih Shakespeare in thuanthucawn a ngan thok lai ah phunsangtlawng
ttheh zo thuanthucawn ngantu pakhat in "tlangak vanttha pakhat" (an
upstart crow) tiah a rak ko dah. Hiti ih kotu hi Robert Green a si ih, amai'
san lai ahcun thuanthucawn lam ih mi hminthang a rak si. Green hin fimthiamnak
ttha nei lo thuanthucawn cangtu hnuaihnung pakhat in thuanthucawn a ngan ngam
cu hnihsuakza a si tiah a rak ngan ih, khatlam ahcun, Shakespeare ih kut
hmuingilzia a hmuh tikah thuanthucawn khawvel a suahsan a cu thlang tiah amah
khal in a theithiam aw ti a si. Asinan Shakespeare ih thuanthucawnpawl hi amai'
san lai lala ih English mipi hmuahhmuah lakah a lar thluh. Lothlopawl le khawpi
ih mi rethei pawl, canganthiam dang pawl le phunsangtlawng ttheh zo pawl, le
Siangpahrangnu Elizabeth I tiang in an uar thluh.
Shakespeare
ih hero (cangtupa) pawl in mipi mang an bangter, a heroine (cangtunu) pawl in
mipi thinlung an tiralter (melted), a cangtusualpawl (villains) in ttihphannak
thawn an thinlung a hnawhkhat, a hnihsuak saithiampawl (clowns) in mipi an
awktang. A thuanthucawnpawl sungih a hman mi ttong ah a zaidambik le biazai
dinhmun sangbik khal an tel ih, ttongphir (pun) le hnihsuak hnuaihnung pawl
(bawdy jokes) khal an tel. A ci kim rori an si.
Shakespeare
hin a hmaisalam ahcun mi ropi pakhat ih an ruah theinak ding hmuitin in
thuanthucawn a ngan. Curuangah English sanphung sirhsan thuhla lam a ngan tam.
1590 kiangkap ihsin 1607 tiang ah a kutsuak tlamtlingbik pawl a si mi Romeo le Juliet, Julius Caesar, Hamlet,
Othello, le Macbeth pawl a ngan.
Himi hmuahhmuah hi amah Shakespeare ih telnak thuanthucawn company in Globe
Theater ah an suah.
Shakespeare
a dam lai ah a kutsuak thuanthucawn tampi cu Quarto timi thawn sutsuah an si.
Vei tampi cu amah Shakespeare hnenah siannak dil lo ih suah mi an si. Asinan
Quarto pawl cu rinrah tlak si lo an tamsawn. Hrelh mi le bet hrimmi tampi an
um. A kutsuak khonkhawm mi hmaisabik cu a thih hnu, 1623 kum ah, thuanthucawn
company ih a rualpi pahnih a si mi John Heminges le Henry Condell in an run
suah. A kutsuak khonkhawm mi hmaisabik hi First Folio tiah kawh a si. Himi hnu
ihsin Shakespeare ih kutsuakpawl hi zir, zoihnit, leh, le hlimpi an si vivo.
Shakespeare
ih thuanthucawnpawl a ngankum mil ih remkhawm hi thil buaithlak le harsa zet a
si. A kutsuakpawl ah an suah hmaisabiknak ni le thla tarlang mi zianghman a um
lo tikah khuimi a hmaisa sawn ti hi theih theih an si lo. Asinan mithiampawl in
thuhla bulhram pali hmang in an sanawkdan an rem: 1) thuanthucawnpawl sungih a lang
mi sanphunglam thilthlengpawl (historical events) le a pehhel zawng ih
thilthleng taktak tarlangnakpawl (allusions); 2) Shakespeare ih sanzul
minungpawl ih nitinbu tivek ihsi lakmi
thuanthucawn an cansuahnak hminsin mi pawl; 3) a sirhsan mi thuhlapawl
(sources) sutsuah an sinak nithlapawl; le 4) khawlha hmang ih an sutsuahnak
nithlapawl (Elizabethan san ah thuanthucawn an ngansuah thluh vete'n khawl in
an su (printed) cih ttheu; asinan suah a si hnu kum reipi tiang in an susuak
(published) lo tla a si thei.) Hivek tahfungpawl hmangih duansuah mi
thuanthucawn hmaisat-netat dotawkdan cu cohlan theih dinhmun ah a um ko. Asinan
himi lungkimlotu khal tampi an um ve lala.
Shakespeare
ih thuanthucawnpawl an phun tetei' tthen le a kutsuakpawl cazin tuah hi kum za
tampi sung mithiampawl in an luhcilh zo. A thuanthucawnpawl phunhran tetei'
tthendan tahfung khal a thleng aw vivo fawn.
Lungngai
thuanthucawn (tragedy) le aipuan thuanthucawn (comedy) thleidan hi Shakespeare
ih dam lai ihsin thil thupi ah a rak cang zo. Cumi san lai ah lungngai
thuanthucawn ngantupawl cun, Aristotle ih simfiangdan thlun in, hualvan (fate)
asilole cangsualnak (hubris) pakhat ruangih mi ropi pakhat tluksiatnak thuanthu
an ngan. Cumi san lai ih aipuan thuanthucawn cu Roman thuanthucawn nganthiam
Plautus le Terence ih "New Comedy" ihsin an ra ih, ramkhelrian lam
kaihhnawih lo in duhdawtnak, innsungsang buainakpawl le innsang zeizokpawl an
hmuitin.
First
Folio ah Shakespeare ih thuanthucawn tthenkhat cu a thuhla ih zir in
(lungngainak lam maw aipuannak lam ti zawng in) an tthen. Asinan lungngai
thuanthucawn tthenkhat ih cangtu tthapawl (protagonists) asilole hero pawl cu
Aristotle ih simfiangdan (mi ropi an si ding timi) thawn an mil lo. Tthimnak ah
mi zaran a si mi Romeo, ralbawi menmen a si mi Timon lole Macbeth tivek.
First
Folio thotho ahhin a tthenkhat cu Sanphung thuanthucawn (Histories) tiah tthen
an si. Ziangahtile English siangpahrangpawl ih thuhla ngannak an si ruangah a
si. Asinan Shakespeare ih kutsuakpawl ahhin a cangtupawl ih mizia le
cangvaihdan zoh tikah ziangmi phunhran (genre) ih ret ding an si timi thil
buaithlak tampi an um. Curuangah mithiampawl cun First Folio ahhin thubuai
thuanthucawn (problem plays), ngaibia (romances), lungngai-aipuan thuanthucawn
(tragicomedies) tivek phunhranpawl belhsah sehla Shakespeare ih kutsuakpawl
tthendan a olsam deuh ding tiah an ruat.
Thuanthucawn
a ngan canbi pakhatnak (first period), 1594 hlan, ih a ngan mi pawl— himi ahRichard III le The Comedy of
Errors (Cangsualnakpawl) an tel—cu Roman san le sanlailak thuhla sirhsan ih ngan mi an si. Himi
canbi ih a ngan mi pawl ahhin a kuthriamzia an langsar. Cabi pahnihnak,
1594-1600, ih a ngan mi pawl—
himi ahHenry V le A Midsummer Night's Dream (Tthal-laili
Zanmang) an tel—hin calai
ningkhawng (style) lam ih tthansohnak le thuhla khawngkham dinsuahdan kalhmang
lam thlahdah deuhnak an langter. Himi canbi sungih a ngan mi sanphung
thuanthucawnpawl hi Shakespeare ih sanphung thuanthucawn tthabik pawl tiah ruah
an si. Siangpahrangpawl ih nun kha milai zaran ttongkam in a tarlang hai. Himi
canbi ahhin amai' bulpak ningkhawnglam langsarnak (stylistic signatures) pakhat
a si mi, phunhran luhkalhawknak (interweaving of genres) a um mi
thuanthucawnpawl a ngan thok. A ngan mi aipuan thuanthucawnpawl khal an
pitling, tuihlan hnak in cangtu pianzia phosuahnak (characterization) le a
thufun lam ah a lut thuk vivo.
Canbi
pathumnak, 1600-1608, ih a ngan mi thuanthucawnpawl—himi ahhin Macbeth
le King Lear tivek an tel—ahcun lungngai thuanthucawn
ropi pawl an tel. Himi canbi ih a ngan mi lungngai thuanthucawnpawl hi
lehhnulam kumzabi tampi tiang Shakespeare run lartertu ding kutsuak thupi pawl
an si. Himi canbi ih a ngan mi aipuan thuanthucawnpawl in Shakespeare hi
calailam zin kalhawknak (crossroads) ah a thleng ti an langter. A thuhla umtudan
an thim (dark) deuh ih thuhla khungkhaipawl hnihsuaklam hmangih phelhdarhsalnak
tivek an um fiangfai lo. Curuangah mithiampawl in hivekpawl hi thubuai
thuanthucawn (problem plays) tiah hmin an peknak a si.
Canbi
paliknak, 1608 hnulam, ih a ngan mi pawl—himi ahhin The Winter's
Tale (Thlatang Thuanthu) le The
Tempest (Thlipi) tivekpawl an tel—ahcun ngaibia (romance) asilole lungngai-aipuan thuanthucawn
(tragicomedy) ti ih ret theih mi pawl an tel. Shakespeare hi a cangan can nelam
ahcun thuhla rit deuh pawl in an ciah neh deuh a bang. A ngancapawl an
khunkhan, bulpak thinlung phuansuahnak biazai rim an nam deuh cuang ih,
hmuhsaknak (symbol) hmangih thil tarlang a hman bik canbi khal a si. Himi hi
thuanthucawn ngantu dinhmun in Shakespeare a pitlin vivo ruangah maw,
Elizabethan san thuanthucawn ih hmelhmang thlengawknak hmuhsaktu menmen ha an
si sawn, timi thu ah mithiampawl an elbuai aw rero.
Asinan,
kan theih ding ih thupi cu hivek 'phunhran' (genre) tthennak (classification)
pawl hi Shakespeare in a thuanthucawnpawl a ngan lai ah a rak ruat hran lo, a
thih hnu ah a thuanthucawn thuhla umtudan casiartupawl in an theihtiam sinsin
theinak dingih run tuah mi sawn an si, timi hi a si.
Shakespeare ih
Thuanthucawnpawl
Cawnsuah
Hmaisabik Thulu Phun
1590-91 Henry
VI, Part II(Siangpahrang Henry VI, Tthen
II) (Sanphung)
1590-91
Henry VI, Part III(Siangpahrang Henry VI, Tthen III) (Sanphung)
1591-92 Henry
VI, Part I(Siangpahrang Henry VI, Tthen
I) (Sanphung)
1592-93 Richard
III(Siangpahrang Richard III) (Sanphung)
1592-93 The
Comedy of Errors(Cangsualnakpawl) (Aipuan)
1593-94 Titus
Andronicus (Lungngai)
1593-94 The
Taming of the Shrew(Lei-hriam-nu
Sawizalnak) (Aipuan)
1594-95 The
Two Gentlemen of Verona(Verona ih Mizahum
Pahnih) (Aipuan)
1594-95 Love's
Labour's Lost(Duhdawt Rian Hlovai) (Aipuan)
1594-95 Romeo
and Juliet(Romeo le Juliet) (Lungngai)
1595-96 Richard
II(Siangpahrang Richard II) (Sanphung)
1595-96 A
Midsummer Night's Dream(Tthal-laili
Zanmang) (Aipuan)
1596-97 King
John(Siangpahrang John) (Sanphung)
1596-97 The
Merchant of Venice(Venice Khawpi ih
Sumdawng) (Aipuan)
1597-98 Henry
IV, Part I(Siangpahrang Henry IV, Tthen
I) (Sanphung)
1597-98 Henry
IV, Part II(Siangpahrang Henry IV, Tthen
II) (Sanphung)
1598-99 Much
Ado About Nothing(Zianghmanlo Rian
Buaipinak) (Aipuan)
1598-99 Henry
V(Siangpahrang Henry V) (Sanphung)
1599-1600 Julius
Caesar (Lungngai)
1599-1600 As
You Like It(Na Duhdan in) (Aipuan)
1599-1600
Twelfth
Night(Zan Hleihnihnak) (Aipuan)
1600-01 Hamlet (Lungngai)
1600-01 The
Merry Wives of Windsor(Windsor ih Nupi
Aipuang pawl) (Aipuan)
1601-02 Troilus
and Cressida(Troilus le Cressida) (Lungngai)
1602-03 All's
Well That Ends Well(Cemdan Tthat cun
Ziangkim Ttha) (Aipuan)
1604-05 Measure
for Measure(Tahfung hrangah Tahfung) (Aipuan)
1604-05 Othello (Lungngai)
1605-06 King
Lear(Siangpahrang Lear) (Lungngai)
1605-06 Macbeth (Lungngai)
1606-07 Antony
and Cleopatra(Antony le Cleopatra) (Lungngai)
1607-08 Coriolanus (Lungngai)
1607-08 Timon
of Athens(Athens mi Timon) (Lungngai)
1608-09 Pericles (Lungngai)
1609-10 Cymbeline (Lungngai)
1610-11 The
Winter's Tale(Thlatang Thuanthu) (Aipuan)
1611-12 The
Tempest(Thlipi) (Aipuan)
1612-13 Henry
VIII(Siangpahrang Henry VIII) (Sanphung)
1612-13 The
Two Noble Kinsmen*
*The
Two Noble Kinsmen hi mithiam mallai in a bulhram ah Shakespeare ih kutsuak a si
an zum lo nan telh thotho mi a si. Himi thuanthucawn sungih ca tamsawn hi,
Shakespeare ih rualpi ttha zet, Siangpahrang Milaipawl thuanthucawn company ah
Shakespeare hnakih rak lut hmaisa deuh, John Fletcher ih ngan mi a si men thei.
**
Sanphung = Sanphung thuanthucawn (histories), aipuan = aipuan thuanthucawn
(comedy), lungngai = lungngai thuanthucawn (tragedy)
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