Upatpeknak Zircawilu (Honorary Degree) Thuhla

                             Upatpeknak Zircawilu

                                                     (Honorary degree)

Honorary degree timi hi Latin ttongfang honoris causa in a ra ih, ‘upatpeknak hrangah’ tican a si. Himi zircawilu hi phunsangtlawng a si lole zircawilu petu institution (zirthluhhmun) pakhatkhat in zircawilu ngahnak ding hrangih a ttulmipawl (phun hra on, cennak hmun, zirnak le camibuai awnnak tivek) neih kherkher phut lo ih a pek mi academic zircawilu phun khat a si. An pek mi zircawilu hi a tlangpithu in doctorate a si nan master’s zircawilu a si cang khal a um. Cumi cu academic institution pakhat hman a rak kai-dah-lo-tu khal an pek cang a um.

Himi zircawilu hi a tlangpithu in mai ram a si lole mai’ phunsangtlawng tivek a ra tlawngtu mi cuangmuar pawl sunlawihnak ah an pe ttheu. Phunsangtlawng a si lole college ih zircawilu hlanpuai (graduation) ih thucah simtu khal an pek cang a tam/ an pek mi kha thucah an simter tlangpi ti zawng khal in a sim theih. Phunsangtlawng cun upatpeknak zircawilu an pek ding mi minung ih thuhla kha pawlkom dang hnenah theihternak nei in an pawmpi le pompi lo thu hliakhlainak khal an nei ttheu.

Himi zircawilu hi hnattuannak lam ahcun zirsuah (earned) doctorate vek ih pom a si lo ih, pom ding khal a si lo. A cang ahcun himi zircawilu hi mi pakhat ih bulpak thuhla hminsinnak ca (CV)  ah fimthiamnak hruang sungih ret lo in, sunlawihnak laksawng hruang sung sawn ih ret ding a si tiah a ruattu khal an um. Cuihleiah a petu in ‘Dr’ timi hmandan khal ah duhdan (policy) an nei tlangpi.

Sanphunglam Bulhram le San le Vang

Upatpeknak zircawilu hi San Laita (Middle Ages) ihsin an rak pe zo. Phunsangtlawng pakhat in mipi a hiptheinak ding ah siseh, mipi in tlamtling ih an hmuh theihnak ding ah siseh, mai’ phunsangtlawng hmin khaisannak hrang ah siseh, an rak pek mi a si. Hminsinnak ih lang mi lakah upatpeknak zircawilu ngah hmaisabik cu Lionel Woodville a si ih 1470 kumpawl ah Oxford Phunsangtlawng in a rak pek mi a si. Anih hi lehhnu ah Salisbury Bishop ah a hung cang.

Zabi 16 cemzawng lam ihsi cun Oxford lole Cambridge ih siangpahrang le a vuavang pawl an tlawn caan ah upatpeknak zircawilu rak hlan hi thil zaran zet pakhat ah a cang. Tthimnak ah 1605 kum ahkhan Siangpahrang James I cu Oxford ah a tlawng. Himi ttum ih a kaithlun sawmli pathum, himi lak ah hleinga cu khawpilal (earl) a si lole khawnbawl (baron) an si, cun Master of Arts zircawilu an ngah ih, Zircawilu hlannak Hminsintu (Register of Convocation) cun cui’ zircawilupawl cu zircawilu pitling (full degrees) an si thu a phuang. Zircawilu pitling an si ruangah zirsuah zircawilu ngahtupawl vek thotho in Zircawilu hlannak le Phunsangtlawng Lairelnak tivek ah vote an nei thei tinak a si.

San Thar ih An Hmandan

Upatpeknak zircawilupawl hi zircawilu hlanpuai pangai ah pek cih an si ve tlangpi. A tlangpithu in upatpeknak zircawilu an hlan mi in zircawilu hlanpuai ah thucah simnak an nei ttheu. Kum tinten phunsangtlawngpawl in upatpeknak zircawilu hlan ding tlak ih an ngai mi minung tam zet an riruat (nominate) ttheu. Cui’ an riruat mi minung cu zircawilu hlan tlak a si le si lo zohfelnak  tampi an nei. Kawmitti tampi in an thlirfel. Pek tlak ih cohlan an si hlan ahcun an riruat mi minung cu an theihter cia dah lo.

Upatpeknak Zircawilu (honorary degree) timi hmin hi a hmin thawn a mil aw lo  deuh tla a bang. Phunsangtlawng pakhat in upatpeknak rori ih an hlan mi zircawilu a si tikah zircawilu dang ih amai’ hmin tluk pi (doctorate/master tivek) vek thotho in zahkainak, hamtthatnak (privilege) le thiltitheinak nei sehla a awm. Asinan a taktak ahcun himi zircawilu hi a zir ih zirsuah mi zircawilu tluk ah ruat a si fawn lo.

Asinan a ngahtu kha zircawnnak lam khal ah, upatpeknak zircawilu a ngah mi (doctorate lole master) level ngah ding tlak hrimhrim a si cang ahcun a tluk aw ih ruah caan khal a um thei. Upatpeknak zircawilu ngahtu pawl hin an ngah mi level ih zirsuah zircawilu ngahtupawl in an hruh mi thuam an hruh ve tlangpi. Asinan malte danglamter deuh khal an um. Tthimnak ah Cambridge Phunsangtlawng ahcun upatpeknak zircawilu ngahtupawl in thuamfual (gown) an hruh nan lukhuh (hood) an khuh lo ih, St Andrews Phunsangtlawng ahcun zirsuah zircawilu ngah pawl ih hruh mi thuamfual hruh lo in cassock thuamfual sawn an hruh.

DSc, DLitt tivek doctorate sang deuh (higher doctorate) tthenkhat cu upatpeknak hmin ih hlan ttheu mi an sinan ram tthenkhat (England, Scotland, Ireland, Australia le New Zealand tivek)  ahcun a zir ih zirsuah khal in ngah theih a si ve. Phunsangtlawng tthenkhat lala cun zirsuah mi le upatpeknak zircawilu danglamternak ah DUniv (Doctor of University) timi an tuah fawn.

Mi lar le hminthang pawl upatpeknak zircawilu hlan-hluahhlo-mai-tu an um lai ah, zirsuah zircawilu ngah ding cun zirhliahnak (research) nasa zet ih tuah a ttul ruangah himi pahnih karlak hi a buaithlak ngaingai. Curuangah phunsangtlawng tthenkhat cun a zir ih zirsuaktupawl thawi’ a tluk aw mi ttuansuahnak neitu lawng upatpeknak zircawilu an hlan. Upatpeknak zircawilu hlan lo lawlaw ih um men phunsangtlawng khal an um. Phunsangtlawng tthenkhat cun upatpeknak zircawilu ai ah upatpekmi sungtelsinak (honorary fellowship) an pe sawn.

A Tak ih Hmannak

Ram tthenkhat ahcun upatpeknak doctorate ngahtu cun, anmah ih an duh ahcun, “Doctor” tiah an tarlang aw phah ttheu. Asinan phunsangtlawng tampi cun, upatpeknak doctorate an pek mi pawl kha, cuvek ih tarlang aw lo ding in dilngennak an nei. Phunsangtlawng tampi ih daan (regulation) ahcun, “Upatpeknak zircawilu ngahtupawl in, an duh ahcun, hmin dunglam ah an ngah mi zircawilu hmin an tarlang thei. Asinan upatpeknak doctorate zircawilu ngahtupawl in hmin hmai ih ‘Dr’ hman cu tidan pangai a si lo,” timi a tel. Asinan phunsangtlawng tthenkhat ahcun a ngahtu minung ih duhdandan kha an siansak ve mai. A ngan ih ngannak ahcun an ngah mi doctorate hmin tarlang hnu ah “h.c.” timi an tarlang tel ttheu.

Hmin hmai ih upatpeknak zircawilu a hmangtu mi hminthang tthenkhat:

Ø  Benjamin Franklin hi dengfelphunglam ttuansuahnakpawl (scientific accomplishments) ruangah The College of William and Mary ihsin 1756 kum ah upatpeknak master’s zircawilu, 1759 kum ah St. Andrews Phunsangtlawng ihsin siseh, 1762 kum ah Oxford Phunsangtlawng ihsin siseh, upatpeknak dotorate zircawilu a ngah. Cuihnu cun Doctor Franklin tiah a tarlang aw ttheu.

Ø  Ram Ttangrual Huapkip Tonkhawmpi hotu (UN General Assembly  president) le Vandumkulhhuap Milai Canvo Phuansuahnak (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) ngannak ih tel-ve-tu Charles Malik hi upatpeknak doctoral zircawilu sawmruk-pathum lenglo a ngah. Anih hi a hlan khal ah Harvard Phunsangtlawng ihsin PhD a rak ngah. Asinan upatpeknak zircawilupawl a ngah hnu in doctor tiah a tarlang aw. Anih hi upatpeknak doctoral zircawilu ngah tambik a si hmang.

Ø  2001 ihsin 2003 tiang Australia ram ih Governor-General (Siangpahrang aiawh ram uktu) ttuantu Peter Hollingworth, AC, OBE hin zung (office) hna a kaih lai ah amahte’n Dr Hollingworth tiah a tarlang aw.  Anih hi Australia ram ih phunsangtlawng paruk ihsin upatpeknak doctorate zircawilu ngahtu asinan upatpeknak zircawilu ngahtupawl in senpi lakah “Dr.” tiih tarlangawk hi Australia ram ahcun a rak um lemlo ruangah elbuaiawknak nasa zet a rak suahter.

Ø  Upatpeknak doctorate zircawilu ngah ruangah mahte’n si lo in mi dang sawn in “Dr” tiih kawh mi khal an um ve. Upatpeknak doctorate 20 lai ngahtu Billy Gramham hi a zirsuah zircawilu cu BA tiang lawng asinan “Dr. Graham” tiah an ko ttheu.

Ø  Mi hminthang dang lak ah Ian Paisley (Bob Jones Phunsangtlawng ih hlan mi Doctor of Divinity/kotu - mahte)

Ø  Maya Angelou (upatpeknak doctorate tampi a ngah/kotu - mahte in siseh, mi in siseh)

Ø  Booker T. Washington (Dartmouth College ih hlan mi upatpeknak/kotu – midang)

Ø  Terry Wogan (petu Limerick Phunsangtlawng/kotu – mahte)

Ø  Judy MacArthur Clark CBE (Glasgow Phunsangtlawng ih pek mi doctorate of veterinary medicine and surgery DVMS/ kotu –mahte)

Ø  Ralph Stanley (Lincoln Memorial Phunsangtlawng ih hlan mi Doctorate of Music/ kotu – mahten siseh, mi in siseh)

Ø  Paco de Lucia (Berklee College of Music hlan mi upatpeknak doctorate/ kotu – mahten siseh, mi in siseh)

Ø  Mirza Ahmad (Manchester Metropolitan Phun-sangtlawng hlan mi Doctor of Laws/ kotu – midang)

Ø  Tanzania Ramhotu Jakaya Kikwete (St. Thomas (Minn-esota) Phunsangtlawng hlan mi upatpeknak doctorate/ kotu – midang)

Ø  Free Softw-are Foundation dintu Richard Stallman (upatpeknak doctor-ate pakua hnak ih tam/ kotu – mahte) pawl khal an tel.

Khatlam ah, Exeter Phunsangtlawng cun upatpeknak D.Litt a hlan mi pawl cu Doctor tiah a ko cih ttheu.

English calai khawvel thuhla rel caan ah Dr. Johnson tiah kan rel ttheu mi, Dictionary of English Language rak tuahtu le calaimi Samuel Johnson hi sumpai harsatnak ruangah zircawilu hmaisabik hman ngah suak thei lo in a rak um. Asinan calai le ttong lam ih mithiam a rak si zia cu a ttuansuah mi pawl ih a rung lang vivo tikah Oxford ih Pembroke College in 1755 ah Master of Arts zircawilu a hlan. 1765 ah Dublin ih Trinity College in Doctor of Laws, 1775 ah Oxford Phunsangtlawng in Doctor of Civil Law an pe fawn. Himi phunsangtlawngpawl in Samuel Johnson an hlan mi zircawilu hi upatpeknak zircawilu a si le si lo a fiang lo. Tlawng ah kai in a zir mi cu a  si lo nan zircawilu an pek lai ahhin Samuel Johnson ih ttuansuahmipawl cu zirhliahnak (research) thawi'  zirsuak-taktak-tupawl ih tuahttuanmi hnakin a tlamtling sawn ih, phunsangtlawng khal in zirsuah doctorate vekih an hlan ruangah a si.

Upatpeknak zircawilu ngahtupawl in an duh ahcun an hmin dung ah zircawilu hmin cu an tarlang thei. Asinan upatpeknak a si timi kha fiang ding in “honorary” lole “honoris causa” lole “h.c.” timi kha zircawilu hmin ih dung ah kuttin bial ( - ) sungih ret in tarlang hai sehla a ttha. Ram tthenkhat ahcun upatpeknak doctorate neitu in an hmin hmai ah “Dr.h.c” lole “Dr.(h.c.)” tiih tarlang in “Doctor” sinak hmangtu an um. A cancan ahcun zircawilu hmin hmai ah “Hon” timi an hmang. Tthimnak ah “Hon DMus” tivek in.

Kan dunglam kum malte ihsin phunsangtlawng tthenkhat cun hmin dung ih upatpeknak zircawilu hmin tarlang mi hi an danglamter lawlaw. Upatpeknak zircawilu hmin in buainak a suahter ttheu ruangah a si. Tu ahcun ram tamsawn ah LLD lole HonD tivek zircawilu cu upatpeknak zircawilu lawng ah hman an si thlang. Tthimnak ah Auckland Ningthiamphung (Technology) Phunsangtlawng  cun upatpeknak doctorate hmin ah PhD hmang nawn lo in HonD timi a hmang. Open Phunsangtlawng le a dang tthenkhat cun upatpeknak zircawilu ah Duniv (Doctorates of the University) an pe ih, PhD lole EdD cu zircawnnak in a phut mi thil ttul pawl a tuah kim theitu lawng an pe.

American phunsangtlawng tamsawn cun LLD (Doctor of Laws), LittD (Doctor of Letters), LHD (Doctor of Humane Letters), ScD (Doctor of Science), PedD (Doctor of Pedagogy), le DD (Doctor of Divinity) pawl hi upatpeknak zircawilu lawng ah an hmang. American phunsangtlawngpawl hin UK le ram dang phunsangtlawng tthenkhat ih an neih mi “doctorate sangsawn pawl” (higher doctorates) timi kalhmang an nei lo.

Cindan thlun Zircawilupawl (Customary degrees/Ad eundem degrees)

Phunsangtlawng le college tthenkhat cun professor sinak kimcang an pek mi (full professor) cu anmai’ tlawng ihsin zircawilu a rak ngahlotu a si ahcun master’s zircawilu an hlan ttheu. Oxford le Cambridge ih phunsangtlawngpawl ahcun kum thum tiang a ttuan-zo-tu senior staff tapoh cu Master of Arts zircawilu an hlan. Amherst le Harvard Phunsangtlawng tivek khal in an tlawng ih hnattuantu professor-pawl cu master’s zircawilu an hlan ve.

Asinan himi ad eundem zircawilupawl hi cu upatpeknak si lo in zirsuah zircawilu ah siar an si sawn.

Cuvek thotho in thiamtlinnak ruangih hnattuan thupi pakhatkhat pek a si mi pawl an hlan ttheu mi jure dignitatis zircawilu timi khal a um. Thiamtlinnak cuangmuar a neitu bishop pakhat cu a sinak nemhnget a si ttum tivek ah DD (Doctor of Divinity) an hlan, asilole thutthentu kha a sinak nemhnget ttum ah LLD (Legum Doctor) asilole DCL (Doctor of Civil Law) an hlan ttheu. Himipawl khal hi a tlangpithu cun upatpeknak zircawilu si lo in zirttuansuah (substantive) zircawilu ah ruat an si deuh.

Upatpeknak Zircawilu Hlan lo Phunsangtlawngpawl

Phunsangtlawng hminthang lak ih upatpeknak zircawilu hlan lo tthenkhat cu Massachusetts Ningthiamphung Zirthlurhtlawng (MIT), Cornell Phunsangtlawng, Vanderbilt Phunsangtlawng, Stanford Phunsangtlawng, California Ningthiamphung Zirthlurhtlawng, Rice Phunsangtlawng tivek an si. Virginia Phunsangtlawng (1819 ih din mi) hi upatpeknak zircawilu hlan lo  ding daan neitu US phunsangtlawng hmaisabik a si thei men. A rak dintu Thomas Jefferson in a duh lo ruangah a si. Asinan Daan le Architecture ih mi cuangmuar pawl cu Thomas Jefferson Medal timi an pe ttheu. MIT khal in upatpekmi professor-sinak (honorary professorship) pek cang an nei (1949 kum ah Winston Churchill, 1993 ah Salman Rushdie an pe).

Elbuaiawknak

Sumpailam bomnak tampi a petupawl hnenah upatpeknak zircawilu an hlan tiah soisel a tuartu phunsangtlawng le college tthenkhat an um. Cun, zircawnnaklam ih thiamtlinnak rak nei dah lo pawl in upatpeknak zircawilu an ngah hnu ih “Doctor” tiih kawh an phutawk ttheu caan ah soisel an tong phah ttheu fawn. Misenpi in zirsuah mi le upatpeknak zircawilu an theih rawi thei ruangah upatpeknak zircawilu ngah ruangih hmin hmai ih “Doctor” bun hi a ngaihlotu an um ttheu.

Ramkhellam (political) ih mi langsar pawl upatpeknak zircawilu hlan an si cang ah hin tlawngtapawl in simaw, tlawng kaihruaitu lak ih teltu tthenkhat in simaw an lungkim pi lo cang a um ttheu. 2001 kum ah George W. Bush cu 1968 ih sanphung (history) thawi’ suakthuan zircawilu (bechelor degree) a rak ngahnak Yale Phunsangtlawng in upatpeknak zircawilu an hlan. Himi ttum ah phunsangtlawng hohatu sungtel tthenkhat le tlawngta tthenkhat in an phunsangtlawng ih zircawilu hlanpuai ttum 300-nak cu hrulhhramter tum in buainak an rak tuah nan an hlawhsam. Cuvek thotho in 2001-2006 sung  Bush ih Ramhotu Zungpi a rak hohatu Andrew Card cu Massachusetts-Amherst Phunsangtlawng in 2007 ih upatpeknak zircawilu an hlan tikah tlawnginn hohatu le tlawngta tthenkhat in an dodal. Cumi ruangah Andrew Card cun zircawilu hlanpuai ih thucah sim ding a tthulh phah.

Oxford Phunsangtlawng ih tlawng a rak kaitu UK Tlangbawipi (Prime Minister) hmuahhmuah cu Oxford Phunsangtlawng hin upatpeknak zircawilu a rak hlan dah. Asinan 1985 kum ah, Tlangbawipi Margaret Thatcher cu sangsawn fimthiamnak (higher education) hrangih cozah in sumpai a liamkuan mi cawltertu a si ruangah, an duhlozia langternak ih hmang in, Oxford Phunsangtlawng in upatpeknak zircawilu hlan lo ding in vote an khai.

2005 ahkhan Nitlaklam Ontario Phunsangtlawng in, Canada ram ah nauthlaksiannak daan nung ding ih cangvaitu, nauhrinphung mithiam (gynecologist) Dr. Henry Morgentaler cu upatpeknak Doctor of Laws a hlan.  Himi ttum ah lungkim lo zia langternak le Phunsangtlawng in a thutluknak hnukkirsal ding ih nornak hrangah hminsen (signature) 12,000 khonkhawm a si ih, duhphorhnak vei tampi neih a si. Zircawilu an hlan ni rori khal ah duhphorhnak tuah a si. Asinan khatlam ah Dr. Morgentaler lam ih ttang pawl khal in hminsen 10,000 an rak ngah ve.

Edinburgh Phunsangtlawng in 1984 kum ah Zimbabwean hruaitu Robert Mugabe cu upatpeknak zircawilu a rak hlan. Asinan 2007 kum ah mipi duhphorhnak a suak ih Edinburgh Phunsangtlawng cu Robert Mugabe a rak hlan mi upatpeknak zircawilu hlitsak sal ding in an dil.  Curuangah Phunsangtlawng cun upatpeknak zircawilu a rak hlan mi minung lak ihsin a tlamtling lo mi pawl zohfelsalnak an nei. Ramkhellam minungpawl cu milai canvo siatsuahnak asilole ramkhel lam tluksiatnak (political corruption) tivek tahfung in an zohfel. Cutin, Mugabe cu upatpeknak zircawilu an hlitsak sal. Massachusetts Amherst Phunsangtlawng ih tlawngtapawl khal in kan dunglam kum 20 lenglo ih an phunsangtlawng in Mugabe upatpeknak zircawilu a rak hlan mi cu hlitsak sal ding ah an dil ve. Curuangah 2008 June 12 ah ttuanvo neitu hmuahhmuah lungkimnak in an hlitsak sal.

2009 April thla ah Arizona Ramkulh Phunsangtlawng ih Hotu Michael M. Crow cun US Ramhotu Barack Obama upatpeknak zircawilu hlan ding thubur cu, Obama hin hlawhtlinnak cuangmuar ngai nei hrih lo ih a hmuh ruangah, a elthlak sak. Roman Catholic tlawng a si mi Notre Dame in Obama upatpeknak zircawilu a hlan thu khal ah elbuaiawknak a rak suak dah fawn. Ziangahtile Obama cu nauthlaksiannak thu ah hrilsiannak-tam (pro-choice) hmuhdan neitu a si ih, cinung bulhram thuhla zirhliahnak (embryonic stem cell research) ttanpitu a si fawn ruangah a si. 2009 May thla ih Saint Joseph’s Phunsangtlawng in Chris Matthews upatpeknak zircawilu a hlan thu khal ah elbuaiawknak a suak. Ziangahtile Saint Joseph’s Phunsangtlawng hi Catholic (Jesuit Phunsangtlawng) a si ih, Chris Matthews hi hrilsiannak-tam pawmtu langsar a si ruangah a si.

2012 kum ah Curtin Phunsangtlawng in Malaysia Tlangbawipi Najib Razak ih nupi Rosmah Mansor cu “nauhak fimthiamnak hrangih a tuahttuannak ruangah” upatpeknak doctorate a hlan. Himi ttum ah “Rosmah Mansor ih Doctorate A Hnukkir Hlan cu Curtin Phunsangtlawng parah Duhlonak Langter Uh” timi facebook cahmai a rung suak ih, Curtin phunsangtlawng khal amai’ facebook cahmai khar ttul dinhmun tiang a thlen phah. Phunsangtlawng ih facebook ah mawhthluknak phunphun a thlen ruangah a tthenkhat cu hlon hlo tiang a ttul phah.

Phunsangtlawng cun Vice Chancellor Jeanette Hacket hmang in a thutluknak a dinpi thu a sim. Jeanette Hacket cun Rosmah cu kawmitti tampi fehtlangh ih hril mi a si thu sim in Permata timi nauhak fimthiamnak bawmtu pawlpi hmangih hnattuantu a si ruangah pek tlak a si thu a sim. Asinan Curtin Phunsangtlawng ih tlawngta hlun le Malaysian rammi a si mi pakhat cun Permata hi Malaysian siahpetupawl (taxpayers) ih paisa thawi’ din mi a si thu, cui’ siahpetupawl ih paisa cu Rosmah in sunlawinak a ngahtheinak ding ih rak hman cu thil dik a si lo thu a sim ve.

Hman Tambik mi Upatpeknak Doctorate Zircawilupawl (honorary doctorates)

Saltawinak                Hmin                                                                                              

Hon. D.A.                  Honorary Doctor of Arts

Hon. D.A.H.              Honorary Doctor of Arts and Humane Letters

Hon. D.B.                   Honorary Doctor of Business

Hon. D.D.                  Honorary Doctor of Divinity

Hon. D.F.A.               Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts

Hon. D.H.L.               Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters

Hon. LL.D.                Honorary Doctor of Law

Hon. Litt. D                 Honorary Doctor of Letters

Hon. D.Sc.                  Honorary Doctor of Science

Hon. D.Univ.              Honorary Doctor of the University

Hon. D.Litt                  Honorary Doctor of Letters

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