Greek Calai Romual
Bung 6
Aristotle
Aristotle
hi BC 384 ah a suak. A suahnak khua cu Macedonia ramkulh ih Stagira khawpi a
si. A pa Nicomachus cu Macedon siangpahrang Amyuntas II hnenah sibawi a quan. A
pai’ hnen ihsin nungcaphung (biology) lam ngaihven paihnak ro a co. Asinan kum
17 a ti ah khawruahphung zir ding in Athens khawpi a run pan ih Plato ih tlawng
ah a kai. Plato ih Academy tlawng ah kum 20 sung lai zir phah in tlawnginn
hrangih hnaquan qul mi phunphun a quan phah.
BC
347 ih Plato a thih tikah a tupa Speusippus in Academy tlawnginn a run hoha.
Himi kum ah Macedonia siangpahrang Philip in Aristotle ih suahnak khawpi cu a
suasam (siatsuah) thluh. Cutin Aristotle cun Academy tlawng a suahsan hnu cun
tlunnak ding khal a neih nawn cuang lo ruangah tipithuanthum kap ih khawpi pawl
ah ti sung um nungca pawl thuhla hliakhlai in can a hmang vivo. Cuti ih a
vahtawih lai ah Hermias timi siangpahrang ih cawm-fa Pythias thawn an nei aw.
Himi
hrawng ah Macedonia siangpahrang Philip in Aristotle cu a fapa Alexander
fimthiamnak zirh ding in a dil. Lehhnu ah cui’ Alexander cu Alexander Ropi timi
hmin thawn a hmin a rung thang mi siangpahrang a rung si. Alexander Ropi in
siangpahrang a quan hnu kum khat lawng umpi in Aristotle cu Anthens khawpi ah a
feh. BC 335-4 ah Aristotle in Athens khawpi ah Lyceum timi tlawng a din ih
thuhla phunphun a zirh.
Lehhnu
ah Macedonia ramkhel cu a rung buai. BC 323 ih Alexander Ropi a thih hnu lephei
cun bulpak ih a huatupawl in Aristotle cu an hmu sakhi deuhdeuh. Athens mipi
pawl khal in Macedonia ukknak cu an dothlengh. Cutikah Socrates ih sidan rak
thei zo tu Aristotle cun a Lyceum tlawnginn cu Theophratus a tanta ih a nui
suahkehnak, Euboea hmun ih Chalcis khawpi ah a va um. A nupi ruak kiang ah a
ruak run zalh ve ding ih cahta in, BC 322 ah piallei a cang.
Rhodes
mi Andronicus, Athens ih Peripatetic Tlawnginn uktu cun Aristotle ih kutsuak
cabu pawl hi hlawm nga ah a qhen.
(a) The
Organon, lole Thutak Hawlsuahnak Bungrua: himi hnuai ah The Categories, On the
Proposition, The Prior Analytics, The Posterior, Analytics, The Topics le The
Sophistical Refutations pawl an tel.
(b) Works on Natural Philosophy: himi sungah The
Physics, On the Heavens, In Generations and Corruption, On Meteorology, On
Minerals, On the Soul, On Sense and the Sensible, On Sleep and Waking, On
Memory and Recollection, On Dreams, On Deviation Through Dreams, On the Length
of Shortness of Life, On Youth and Old Age, On Life and Death, Respiration, The
History of Animals, On the Generation of Animals, le The Problemata tipawl an
tel.
(c) Metaphisics:
himi sung ahcun Metaphysics timi cabu pakhat lawng a um. Metaphysics ti cu
Physics dung ih cabu tican a si. Aristotle ih cabu zohfeltu pawl in Aristotle
ih Physics thuhla a ngan mi kha suah hmaisa in khawruahphung ih bulhram thuhla
a ngannak cabu khan eta ih an suah ruangah Metaphysics tiah hmin an pek mi a
si. A sung thuhla zoh ih an pek mi a rak si lo. Asinan Metaphysics cabu sung ah
khawruahphung bulhram thuhla pawl ngan an si ruangah, lehhnu ahcun
khawruahphung bulhram thuhla pawl kha metaphysics tiah run kawh a sit a (Mya
Than Tint).
(d) Moral
Treatises: himi sung ah The Nichomacheam Ethnics, The Politics, Constitution of
the Athenian State, le Magna Moralia pawl an tel.
(e) Aesthetics
cabu pawl ahcun The Poetics, The Rhetoric le thuanthucawn thuhla hminsin mi
belcawng pawl an tel (Aristotle – The Poetics).
Aristotle
hin a cabu tamsawn cu a Lyceum tlawng ah ca zirh phah in a ngan mi an si.
Vansiat thlak zet in Aristotle ih kutsuak tampi hi an hlovai ih, tuini ih kan
hmun ban mi cu a cabu pawl lak ih qhen malte lawng an si (E. W. F. Tomlin;
Hornstein, Percy and Brown).
Aristotle
hin Europe khawmual ih khawruahphung hi kum thawng hnih sung lai a kutsung ah a
hum bet thei. Zabi 17 tiang ahkhan anih run luahlan theitu zohman an um lo. A
thih hnu kum zali lai ih rung ding Khristian biaknak par khal ah keneh tam zet
a run nei.
Aristotle
cu minung thinlung (thluak) ih zalenak cohlangtu a si. A sayapa Plato hnen
ihsin thil tampi a zir ngah ih thuhla tampi ah an hmuhdan a bang aw nan, an
bangawklonak zawn khal a um ve.
Plato
cu suangtuahnak ram ih tlangleng mi deuh a si vekin thinlunglam thupi ah a ret
ih, Aristotle cun hmuh theih tham theih thil lam a uar vet hung. Plato le
Aristotle ih rak buainak a si mi, thinlung maw taksa a thupi sawn, khuimi ha a
bulhram si sawn timi thubuai hi tuini tiang ah khawruahphung zirnak lam ih an
qhenfel thei hrih lo mi a si. Lehhnu khal ah an qhenfel thei a zum um tuk lemlo.
Sanphung lamtluan ah an buaipi nasa zo ih, an buaipi rero lai mi cu a si (Mya
Than Tint).
Aristotle
hi thuhla phunphun hliakhlai le zir paih a si vek in a thiam mi khal a tam.
Amai san lai ih zircawn theih hmuahhmuah cu a thiam kim thluh. Lehhnu ah thuhla
phunphun in ramri an run neih kauh vivo phah thawn, anih tluk ih thiamnak nei
kim hi an rung suak nawn lo ti a si. Tui san thar khal ah khawruahphung le
calai thuhla zir ding cun Aristotle ih phenthlam hnuai ah lut ta a qul ringring
lai (Aristotle – The Poetics).
Khawruahphung Dang pawl
Aristotle
a thih hnu ah Plato, Socrates le amah Aristotle ih khawruahphung par ih hram
bun mi khawruahphung dangdang, le hmuhdan dangdang an rung suak ve. Cu pawl
lakih hminthang deuhbik pahnih cu Stoics pawl ih khawruahphung le Epicurus ih
khawruahphung an si. Alexander Ropi in Europe le Asia khawmualpi nitlaklam a
neh hnu ah Egypt ram ah Alexander khawpi a din. Cutawk cu Greek nunphung
dawhhna ah a rung cang. Alexander ih kumpiram (emperor) a kuai hnu ah Greek
nunphung cu Rome khawpi ah a qhawn aw. Ral neh lo Greek pawl cu Rome
siangpahrang pawl fimthiamnak zirhtu saya ah an rung cang (Mya Than Tint).
Stoics
khawruahphung dintu cu Zeno (BC 340 – 270) a si. Hi pawl cun retheih harsatnak
tivek kha thinlung hngetkhoh thawi’ do le tuar an forh. Cu lawng si lo in
lungawinak le nomnak tivek khal hi a herhawi kilkhawi dan thiam a qul timi
thupi ah an ret zet. Hringnun ih tumtah mi cu khawruahnak fimvar, thluak fimvar
neih ding hi a si. Mifim cun a tontuarnak ih hruainak hlir thlun dualdo men lo
in a kilveng aw thei ding a si an ti. Cumi lawng ah a hlawhtling mi hringnun a
ngah ding an ti. Minung ih lungawinak sangbik cu thil qha tuah hi a si an ti
fawn (Mya Than Tint).
Stoics
lak ih hminthang dang pahnih cu AD 118 ah a thi tiah an zum mi Epictetus le
Rome siangpahrang Marcus Aurelius an si. Epictetus cun minung pawl hi taksa
pakhat ih a hngeqek pawl kan si. Mah le mah a theifiang aw duhtu cun midang
hrangih thil qha a tuah a qul, tuah ding khal a theih a qul tiah a sim. Rome
siangpahrang Marcus Aurelius hi mi zaidam a rak si hmang.
Epicurus
(BC 341 – 270) cun amai hmin pu ih rung ding Epicurean khawruahphung hi Athens
khawpi ah a rak din. Anih cun minung cun zalennak, nomnak le amai’ nunnak khal
a hawl in a neih a qul a ti. Ti le rawl khal a qhaqha ei le in ding. Hmuhzung,
theihzung, rimzung, thawtzung, le tondaizung pawl thawi’ kan ngah thei mi lawng
hi nomnak le lungawinak ngaingai in pe thei tu a si ti’n a zirh. Taksa lam a
nai deuh kan ti pei cu (Mya Than Tint).
Himi
khawruahphung pawl hin Roman Kumpiram run fang suak in Europe khawmualpi a run
hliahkhuh. Curuangah Europe khawmualpi ih calai khal ah an nehnang (sulhnu) a
rung tang vivo. Hi bang khawruahphung pawl kan theifiang, kan theithiam asile
Europe khawmualpi calai kan thei thuk sinsin thei ding.
Greek
khawruahphung lam calai cu hivial in kan duhtawk hrih leh ding ih, sanphung
calai lam ah kan feh leh hrih ding.
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