Greek Calai Romual 6 (Plato)

Greek Calai Romual 

Bung 6

Plato

Plato khal hi a sayapa Socrates bang in Athens khawpi kiangkap ah a suak. A suah kum hi BC 429 – 428 – 427 ti’n a phunphun in hminsinnak a um. A pa cu BC 1068 hrawng ih Athens siangpahrang ci thlah netabik ih tefa a si ih, a nu cu BC 638 hrawng ih daan lam mithiam cithlah a si an ti. A nauhak lai ah lehpannak a paih zet ih buan ah tla cun a champion dah ti a si. Bezai phuah khal a rak paih zet ih epic le lyric bezai tla a rak phuah dah.

Biazai vek in khawruahnak la khal a zoihnit paih zet. Socrates hnen a thlen hlan ah Heraclitus a rak thlun dah. Kum 20 a kim ah Socrates hnen a thleng. Socrates ih dungthlun a si vek in Socrates ih khawruahphung khal a culnel zet ih a simfiangnak cabu pawl tla a ngan. Plato um lo sehla Socrates hi lehhnu lam minung in an thei lo ding ih, Socrates um lo sehla Plato khal in theih a hlawh cuang lo ding an ti qheu.

Socrates cu thureltu a si ih, Plato cu a ngankhumtu a si ruangah tuini Socrates ih khawruahphung kan timi pawl hi Plato ih khawruahnak ziangzat a tel ve ti hi theihfiang theih a sin awn lo. Asinan Plato ih hminsinnak le hminsin dan cu belhcian an dawl zet ruangah Socrates ih kamsuak ngaingai a si le si lo elawknak a um lemlo.

Plato hin a tlun ih rel zo mi Crito and the Phaedo cabu lawng si lo in Apology timi le Symposium timi simfiangbu khal a ngan hai. Apology cu Socrates an heknak pawl Socrates in a elsalnak qongkam pawl ngankhum mi a si. Symposium cu thuhla phunphun relkhawmnak le simfiangnak ngankhum mi cabu a si. Apology a ngannak thutluangtlam (catluang) hi a mawi zet ih, a tumtah mi thuhla cu, “Mi qha pakhat cu a thih ah siseh, a nun ah siseh, ziang qhatlonak hman a um kel lo,” timi a si. Symposium hi Plato ih calai kutsuak qhabik a si tiah mithiam pawl in an sim.

Symposium sungah mi dangdang in duhdawtnak an hmuhdan a ngan. Socrates in duhdawtnak a hmuhdan khal a tel. Tui san ih kan hman lar zet mi ‘Platonic Love’ timi khal hi himi cabu sung ihsin a ra mi a si. Platonic Love timi cu duhdawtnak thianghlim ti khal in ko sehla a theih men ding. Tlangval pakhat in fala a duh tikah cui fala ih hmel le ruangrai, neihsiah, fim le qhatnak ruangah si lo in, ziang sirhsan le puhmawh hman um lo ih a duh asile ‘Platonic Love’ in a duh tinak a si ti a theih ding. San thar ah taksa cakhiarnak a tel mi duhdawtnak sawn hi ‘Platonic Love’ an run timi hi cu a bulhram sullam umdan thawn a qhelh aw deuh a bang. Khatlam ah, Plato in thuhla fiangfai fukfi in tanta lo ruangih theihdan bang aw lo rung suak culci deuh cu si in a lang (Mya Than Tint). Platonic Love ih umdan cu Shakespeare ih sonnet pawl ah tampi an lang.

Plato ih khawruahnak phorhlangtu bik cu a cabu The Republic (Hrilhotu Ram) a si. Cumi ah Plato ih lungkham ram (sunmang ram) thuhla a um. Plato ih Lungkham Ram (Ideal State) cu mizapi hrangih a qha ding mi zatlang ram dinsuah a si. Cutivek ih mizapi hnaquan tlang vualvo kalhmang cu tuisan ah Commonwealth ti’n an run ko. Plato ih san ah Athens khawpi-ram ramkhel cu a qumsuk nasa ih, mu le mal khal a nei tuk nawn lo. A sayapa Socrates hman sualnak nei lo cing in an thihter mi a hmuh ruangah a lungkham ram thuhla hi a ngannak san a si tiah mithiam pawl in an sim (Pe Myint).

Ukawkdan le ram relbawldan rengreng cu minung hrangih tuah mi a si vek in Plato hin Republic cabu thoknak lam ah minung ziaza, minung nunphung umtudan, minung lungput le minung thlarau thuhla tivek siseh, rualremnak  le bangrannak ih sullam thuhla siseh, ukawknaklam ah khawruahnak thuk le fim neitu mifim pawl in hmai an hruai a qhat thu pawl siseh, a rel hai (John Macy). Khawruahphung mithiam siangpahrang (philosopher king) umter a duh.

Cuitlun ah minung pawl hi kan mizia le thiam zawng a bang aw lo ti a fiang. Curuangah mi tin hi anmai lamkal zawng ih zir in an quanvo qhenfel a duh. Mah le quanvo cio kha a qhabik ih quan in, midang hnaquan kan va hnoksak lo ahcun a rualrem mi le hlawhtling mi zatlang nun neitu senpihlawm (society) asilole zatlanghlawm (community) kan dinsuak thei ding tiah a sim.

Cumi hmuhdan fehpi in a lungkham ram ah minung phun thum a qhen. Cu pawl cu rampi kilkhawi le uk tu ding pawl (guardians), rampi humhimtu ding pawl (warriors), le rampi ih neihsiah sumsaw quansuak tu ding pawl (artisans) tla an si (Pe Myint). Himi pathum ih pehzomawk dan a rualrem ahcun a hlawhtling le hmelhmang dik a nei mi rampi a dingsuak ding tiah a sim (M. Cary and T. J. Haarhoff).

Guardian pawl cu pianpi thluak qha, fimthiamnak kum tampi zir zo le rampi ukawkdan rak cinh cia tu an si. Ram uktu an sinak cu thuneihnak co ngahtu mi van nei an sinak cen nuam men ding si lo in a rualrem le raldai mi rampi dinsuak ding ih quanvo tumpi phur ding in a si sawn. Annh cu bulpak hlawnthil, bulpak innsang neih sian a si lo. Zatlang innpi ah an um ding. Bulpak nupi, pasal khal neih sian a si lo ih bulpak fanu, fapa khal neih sian a si lo tiah a ngan. A dang minung ci hnih khal in anmai quanvo kha qhate’n an quan tengteng a qul a ti.

Plato hin a lungkham ram luahtu ding ih qul le qha a timi le a duhzawng minung cipciar zet ih a rel vek in a duh lo le hnon mi khal a rel. Cumi lakih hminthangbik cu bezaipu pawl a hnon thu hi a si. Bezaipu pawl ih bezai ah zatlang mipi hrangah tur sia ih a cang thi mi khawruahnak le hmuhdan dik lo an tel thei. Curuangah an kutsuak pawl ramri khoh zet ih khiahsak an qul a ti. Zatlang mipi nuntu khawsakdan le theihfimnak nei kau ding ih kan zirhnak ah bezai hnak in thu rung thu ra thlirfel ih khawruahnak thawi’ cinfel mi hmuhan kha hman sawn ding a si tiah a ti (Pe Myint).

Plato ih The Republic cabu hin a hman mi thutluangtlam (prose) ningkhawng ruangah siseh, a phorhsuah mi khawruahnak ruangah siseh, Greek miphun misenpi lawng si lo in leitlun miphun tam zet khal a run hliahkhuh hai. Lehhnu khal ah mithiam qhenkhat in an lungkham ram an run ngan qheu. Lungkham ram thuhla ngan mi calai hi Utopian Literature tiah an ko. Utopian calai hmaihruaitu cu Plato a si. Tuini ih kan hman mi khawruahnak tam zet hi Greek mifim pawl ih khawruahnak ihsin a ra suak mi an si hai.

Plato amah hrimhrim khal hi ramkhel lam hruaitu si thei ding khop ih mi tling a rak si. Ramkhel khawvel ah a zuanglut zik lawk nan a sanzul ramkhel khawvel mumal lo tuk a hmuh ih hlei ah, bulpak huatawknak men ruangih a sayaa tiangtiang a thih phah hnu cun ramkhel hi a hua thluahthlo. Asinan ramkhel lam ih thuneihnak kengkawhtu pawl ih khawruahnak a qhansoh ahcun minung pawl hrangah thil qha a suak vivo ding tiah a zum. Cumi zumnak thawn hmun tin ram tin fang kual vivo in fimthiamnak a hawl vivo (E. W. F. Tomlin).

Cutin khaw tin hmun tin fangkual ih a vak vivo can cu kum 11 sung lai a rei. A tluangtlawnnak lamzin ah Sicily tikulh hi a nun lamzin kel thupi pakat thlennak hmun ah a cang. Sicily tikulh ih Syracuse siangpahrang Dionysius thawn, siangpahrang ih pu Dion in hmeltheihnak a tuahsak. Dion ih tumtah mi cu Dionysius in Plato ih khawruahnak kha Dionysius in a theih, a hman asile a ram ukdan cu fimthiamnak thawi dinsuah mi ukawkdan ah a cang thei ding timi a ruahsan ruangah a si.

Asinan siangpahrang Dionysius cun Plato ih khawruahphung cu a pompi lo ih hlei ah, lehhnu ah phei cun Plato thawn an ti lunghnual aw ih Plato le Dion cu Athens ah an tlan. Dionysius a thih tikah a fapa (Dionysius timi hmin thotho) in siangpahrang a run quan. Cutikah Dion in a tupa kha Plato thawn hmeltheihnak a tuah sal. Siangpahrang khal in a pu thawi’ remawk a duh phah ruangah Plato cu a rak cohlang.

Asinan himi can ah Dionysius (fapa) ih uknak cu a mumal lo, a buai hnok celcel tuk zo ruangah Plato cu Syracuse khawpi ihsin a tlansuak lanta lawlaw. Dion cun a tupa ih lalnak long in siangpahrang a run quan. Asinan netabik ahcun Dion khal an phiarthup ih thah a tong.

Plato in Athens le Syracuse khawpi a hlehka rero lai ahkhan Academus timi pai’ human kiang ah inn pakhat a lei. Cule a inn le cu pai’ human cu pehzom in khawruahphung zirnak tlawng a din. Hmuan rak neitu pai’ hmin suang in a tlawng cu Academy tiah an ko. Himi tlawng ahhin khawruahphung phunphun a zirh ih lehhnu ih rung hminthang leh Aristotle tla a ra zir ve. A tlawng ahcun nunau khal an cohlang. Plato in nunau pawl khal mipa vek ih quanvo an lak a qul cang ahcun mipa pawl thawn bangran in fimnak an zir a qul ve tiah a ti.

Cumi tlawng ah ca zirh phah in cabu sawmli lai a ngan ti a si. Asinan tuini ih a tang mi cu bu 30 hrawng lawng a si. Plato hi kum 82 a ti kum, BC 347 ah a thi. Asinan a din mi tlawng cu BC 38 ihsin AD 529 tiang pelh lo in a rung nungdam ringring. AD 529 ah Kumpi Justinian in a colhter. Himi Academy tlawng hi leitlun phunsangtlawng hmaihruaitu tiah an pom.

Plato ih cangandan cu biakawknak (dialogue) kalhmang ih ngan mi an si. Thutluangtlam ngan a thiam zet ih thu ruat thuk thei pawl hrang ih ruat peh ding um vivo in a tanta qheu. Plato ih cabu pawl English ih lettu Benjamin phei cun, “Khawruahphung hrekkhat pawl le Khristian biaknak ih hmaitlan thuhla bulhram pawl hman Plato ih cabu sungah kan hmu thei,” tiah a ti (Mya Than Tint).

A tlangpithu ih thu rel kan si ruangah Plato ih thuhla khal hihmuah in kan cawl hrih ding.