Latin Calai Romual I (Roman Miphun le Kumpiram Sanphung Tawi)

Latin Calai Romual

Bung I

Roman Miphun Bulhram

BC 1,000 hrawngah Italy tikulh, Tiber tisuah ihsi peng 17 hrawng a hlatnak Latium phairawn ah Latin ttong hmangtu Latini hrinhnam pawl cu an kiangkap tlangmual paruk ih umhmun khuartu hrinhnam dang pawl thawn zuam aw in khua le ram an rak din ve. BC 900 hrawng ah Asia-minor tikulhzum(penisula), Lydia hmun ih Etruscan hrinhnam pawl cu khal saklam ihsin Italy tikulh ah an rung lut. Himi san ah Rome khaw kiangkap ih um Roman hrinhnam pawl in an venghnen Sabines hrinhnam do in an unau pawl an kaihsak ttheu ruangah cui’ hrinhnam pahnih cu an do aw ringring.

Asinan an doawknak cun pumkhatnaklam a suahter riangri. A rak um cia pawl hnakih nunphung ttha le zatlangnun khawsakdan felfai sawn neitu Etruscan hrinhnam pawl ih nunphung cun a hliahkhuh vivo hai. Himi caan ah Italy thlanglam tipikap ah Greek pawl in umhmun thar an khuar ve. Asinan saklam Italy ram ahcun Etruscan pawl an ropi zet ih tipithuanthum khualtlawnnak hman an kuthnuai ah an ret thei.

Etruscan nunphung hnuai ih finkhawm aw hrinhnam komkhawm pawl cun BC 753 ah Rome khua kha khawpi si ding in an dinsuak. Roman pawl ih thuanthu roling ahcun Rome khawpi hi Romulus le Remus tei’ unau in an din ti’n a um. Rome timi khal a dintui’ hmin ih ra a si an ti. Cumi Rome khawpi le a kiangkap ih um hrinhnam hmuahhmuah cu Roman miphun ti’n kawh an rung si. An zate ttangrual in rampi an din mi khal Roman rampi ah a rung cang.

Latin Ttong

Hrinhnampawl an komkhawmawk vivo tikah Latini pawl ih Latin ttong a rung lar vivo. Latin ttong hi Indo-European tong burpi lakih tel ve a si. Netalam ah Latin ttong bulhrampi le Latin ttong menmen (zaran hman mi) ti’n phunhnih a rung um. Latin bulhrampi cu hlan ihsi rak hman mi kha a si. Latin menmen cu Rome kiangkap ih ceng pawl in an hman mi ttong thar deuh a si. A tir ahcun Latin bulhrampi le Latin menmen hi a danglam tuk lemlo.

Asinan Roman Kumpiram (Roman Empire) an run din ih hmuntin, ramtin ah Roman ralkappawl an thlen tikah an thlennak hmun pawl ih khurkhaw ttong (dialect) an va la sawng ih, Latin ttong cu a cokrawi aw vivo. Cutikah Latin bulhrampi le Latin menmen/Latin zaran cu danglamnak a tam vivo. Hitivek in a thleng aw hrethro vivo ih lehhnu ah Latin menmen cu Sicilian le Tuscan khurkhaw- tong thawn a rung rawi aw luar vivo. Cumi cu Italian ttong tiah an ko (U Pe Maung Tin, Bartharlawkakyan).

Roman Miphun Ram Dindan

Etruscan pawl in Rome ram cu siangpahrang ukawknak (kingship system) hmang in an uk. Etruscan siangpahrang thlahsinsan pasarihnak a thlen tikah hrilhoturam (republic) ukawknak in an thleng. Hrilhoturam timi cu mipi hril mi minung in ram a uknak kalhmang kha a si. Cui’ thlahsinsan pasarihnak siangpahrang cu Tarquinius Superbus a si. BC 534 ihsin ram a uk thok ih, BC 529 ah a lalnak a hloh hnu ah, BC 510 ah a thi. A thih hlan kum khat duh ah hrilhoturam a dingfel. Himi san ah Roman pawl cun phunhnam a tthansoh theinak ding ah hrinhnam pawl lungrual zet ih komkhawm aw ding in an zuam nasa.

BC 400 hrawng ah Latini hrinhnam pawl in Rome khawpi lak tum in an do nan an duai. Cumi ihsin an ram Latium khal Roman Hrilhoturam Cozah sungtel ah a cang ih an hman mi Latin ttong khal Roman Hrilhoturam ih tlang ttong ah a rung cang. Etruscan nunphung ihsin an tthansoh vivo hnu ah, simsin calai (oral literature) ihsin nganmi calai (written literature) ah an kai so. An khuavang pathian hnenih thlacamnak, thangtthatnak le biaknaklam puai nikhua ih an samh mi thuhla, nomnak le ruaitthehnak ih an samh mi bezai pawl hi Latin calai dawhhna an si (M.Cary and T.J. Haarhoff).

Roman pawl hi BC 146 tiang ram sung rualremnak le ram dang ral ihsi kilvenawknak lam ah cawl bang lo in an zuang an phar. BC 270 hrawng ah anmai’ ti-le-khaw mi Etruscan le ramkulh dang ih um pawl siseh, Italy thlanglam ah ram nor vivo ih umhmun a khuartu Greek pawl siseh, Rome khawpi lak tum ih dotu Gauls miphun pawl siseh, Rome khawpi siatsuahtu an venghnen ram pakhat ih siangpahrang Pyrhus le a ralkap pawl siseh, thazaang le huham ih an zuam rero mi le anmah zuam ve rero tu Carthage ram pawl siseh an neh thluh. Carthage thawi’ an doawknak san cu Sicily tikulh kha ‘ka ram a si’ ti ih an cuhawk veve ruangah a si. BC 264 in 146 tiang, kum 118 sungah nasa zet in vei thum an do aw. Himi hi Punic Doawknakpawl (Punic Wars) an timi a si. Punic Doawknak netabik ah Roman pawl in Carthage khawpi cu an neh ih an urkang thluh.

Roman pawl cun ral an neh vivo vekin an thisen khal a ngamhuai vivo ih Roman miphun, Roman ram, Roman calai timi neih duhnak an nei sang deuhdeuh. Culaiah an kuthnuai ih rung ttum Greek pawl ih calai an hmuh tikah pakhat hman hrelhlo’n an lak fai thluh. Latin ttong khal ah Greek ttong tampi an telh vivo. Greekpawl tidan an cawng vivo. Roman nunphung le calai dinsuak ttha thei ding in anmah hnakih nunphung le calai ih tthangso sawn Greek pawl ih dung an thlun (M. Cary and T.J Haarhoff).

Roman Kumpiram (Roman Empire)

Latini hrinhnam, Rome khaw kiangkap ih ceng Roman hrinhnam, Etruscan hrinhnam le, Tuscany hrinhnampawl an zate kom in Roman miphun ti’n kawh an si. Roman pawl hin Asia-minor tikulhzum le France ram ih ceng Gauls miphun pawl khal an neh vivo ih an ram an kauter vivo. Julius Caesar lal lai ah Gauls pawl ih ram hmuahhmuah le England tikulh tthen khat tiang hman an la. Julius Caesar ih vanglai ah Gauls, Illiria, Macedonia, Greece tikulhpawl hmuahhmuah, Egypt le Sakta Africa tipikaptluan ih ram hmuahhmuah Roman ram sungah an thunlut thluh.

Himi san ah Roman ram hi Julius Caesar lawng in a uk lo; midang pahnih thawn an si. BC 44 ah Julius Caesar cu phiarthah(assassinated) a si. Cuihnu ah Marcus Antonius asilole Mark Antony tel in mi pathum thotho in ram an run uk. Lehhnu ahcun Roman ram cu hmun thum ah tthen in an uk hngehnge. A rei deuh hnu, uktu pathum pawl zuamawk le eltaiawknak a luar vivo tikah Mark Antony cu Egypt siangpahrangnu Cleopatra thawn Egypt ah siangpahrang an ttuan ih, netalam ah amahte a that aw. Cutikah Augustus Caeisa (BC 63-AD 14) in siangpahrang tohkham run cuh in siangpahrang a ttuan. Mi pathum uknak a tthiat ih Roman Kumpiram a din.

Himi san ah Cicero timi ramkhellam mithiam le calai mithiam a suak. Latin thutluang (prose) le biazai (poetry) tthangso ding in a remh. Calai mithiam thotho kumpi siangpahrang Augustus Caeisa le Cicero ih zuamnak ruangah Greek le Latin calai an tthangso tlang. Punic Doawknakpawl san le Augustus Caeisa san ah Roman mithiampawl in Greek calai umtudan tthatei’ hliakhlai in Latin calai an tungding. Himi san hi Latin Calai Sui San (Golden Age) ti’n an ko (Ibid.)

Kumpiram Hnuk A Cat

Roman Kumpiram cu a ropi, a huham a ttha, in a picang vivo. Cutkah ropi zet ih tlangleng ttheu kumpi siangpahrang le a tlangsuak pawl siseh, an vuavang pawl tiang in siseh, an nuntu khawsakdan a khawbaw thluh. Hlawnthil an ri, ropitnak an ri. Kumpi siangpahrang Nero (AD 34-64) san ah Roman Kumpiram ih tluksiatnak ding hmuihmel a lang thok rero thlang. Rome khawpi cu kumpi siangpahrang Nero  in a ur (tiah sanphung mithiam tamsawn in an zum). Cui  meikang rero lai cuan phah in Nero cun bezai a phuah ih, ttingttang tum in a bezai phuah mi cu a sak rero men. AD 79 ah Visuvius  meisatlang a kuai ih Pompeii khawpi a ciimpil. Hivek san ah siangpahrang thlahsinfa panga in Roman Kumpiram din thar sal ding in an zuam.

Kumpi siangpahrang Augustus  le kumpi siangpahrang Hadrian  (76-138) san hi Latin Calai Ngun San an ti (M. Cary and T.J. Haarhoff). Kumpi siangpahrang Marcus Aurelius (121-180) hi calai ngainatu a si vekin calai tthansohnak tha a pe zet. Asinan simsin calai le nganmi calai ih ramri a hla aw vivo. A thih hnu ah rampi a ralmuan thei lo ruangah rampi ukawknak cu ralkap pawl in an thluahna phah.

Constantine Ropi (Constantine the Great) (288-337) san ah rampi a kilkhawi neh ih an tthangso sal. Constantine Ropi in AD 330 ah Rome ihsin Byzantine khawpi a din ih, cutawk ihsin Kumpiram thar a din. Asinan a thih hnu ah ram a buai lala. Lehhnu ah Byzantine Kumpiram ti’n a hranpate’n an tuah ih Nisuahlam Roman Kumpiram ti’n an ko. Cui’ Kumpiram cu kum 1,000 a nungdam ih 1453 ah Turkey pawl kuthnuai ah a tla.

Himi sungah Nitlaklam Roman Kumpiram cu Franks miphun, Goths miphun le German miphun pawl in an run nor, an run do vivo. Curuangah Roman siangpahrang hrekkhat lephei cu Rome khawpi tanta in hmun dang ihsin ram a uktu hman an um. AD 476 ah Ostrogoths pawl ih hotu Odoacer in Roman kumpi siangpahrang netabik Romulus Augustulus dirthla in Rome khawpi a suasam ih, Italy ram a din. Himi ihsin Roman nunphung a cawl.

Rome khawpi hi lamzin hmuahhmuah tonawknak a si an ti ttheu. Hmuntin ramtin ih minung pawl tonkhawmawknak hmun a rak si. Curuangah leitlun sanphung lamtluan in a hngilh thei lo ding mi nunphung neitu an si. An rak hman mi Latin calai khal hman reh ni a um thei hrih lo. A hleice in Khristian khawvel tla cun a thlah thei hrih lo mi a si.