Bung IV
Thuanthucawn le Bezai Phun Dang pawl
Roman bezaipu pawl in
Greek bezaipu pawl ih thil ti dan an cawn bang in Roman thuanthucawn ngantu pawl
khal in Greek thuanthucawn ngantu pawl ih tidan an cawng ve thotho. BC 240
hrawngih rak um Livius Andronicus timi pa in Greek lungngai thuanthucawn (tragedy)
pawl le Homer ih Odessey bezai kha Latin ttong in a let. Andronicus hi a hlan
ah sal a rak si dah. Sal ihsi a luat hnu ah amai’ paihzawng calai a luhcilh.
Amah thawi’ sanzul minung Neavius khal in Greek lungngai thuanthucawn le aipuan
thuanthucawn (comedy) pawl Latin ttong in a let ve. Hiti vekin
thuanthucawn calai lungphum an sawhhnget hnu ah, BC 200 hrawng ihsin thuanthu
cawngtu mibur an tuah ih, contuah nikhua (puai nikhua) ah thuanthu an
cawng ttheu. Himi san ih an hman mi thuanthucawn hmelhmang cu Greek
thuanthucawn ruang-am an lakmi a si tlangpi (M. Cary and T.J. Haarhoff).
Maltete’n thuanthucawn
calai a rung lar so vivo ruangah thuanthucawn ngantu an um vivo ve. Cumi pawl
lakah Plautus (BC 254-184) le Terence (BC 195-159) hi an lar. A hleice in
Plautus ih thuanthucawn tla cu tuini tiang in (20) hrawng a tang lai. Cupawl
lakih pakhat Menaechmi timi cu English thuanthucawn nganthiam Shakespeare in
Comedy of Error (Cangsualnak Aipuan Thuanthucawn) ah a run sirhsan phah (John
Macy). Roman thuanthucawn pawl cu Greek thuanthucawn hnakin an zangkhai, an
boruak a hlim.
Roman singpahrang Nero
ih thuron upa Seneca (BC 4-AD 65) khal in thuanthucawn a rak ngan ve. Greek
khuavang pathian pawl thuhla ih hrambun mi an si hai. Ttihnung rapthlak thuhla
lam a ngan uar. Renaissance (Tthangharhnak) san hrawngah calai mithiam pawl in
Seneca ih thuanthucawn pawl an sunsak zet. Nan, tuisan ahcun tohkham dungtabik
ihsi siar in a tlar thumnak hrawngih tonak co ve fang ding hrawng in an ret (Ibid).
Latin thuanthucawn tamzet cu Greek thuanthucawn thawn an bangawktuk siri hlei ah,
hmun le ram hmin le minung hmin tiang in Greek hmin an tam zet ruangah tthangso
ciamco a si hran lo ti theih a si (Mya Than Tint).
Roman pawl ih mizia cu
capoh le rohawk paih zet lungput nei an si (M. Cary and T. J. Haarhoff).
Hnihsuak saithiam an si vekin hringnun leitlun ih tlamtlinlonak, rualremlonak
tivek an hmu thei zet. Roman miphun pawl ramkhel le eihawl sumtuahnak lam ah
tlan zuam aw in a nini ih an tthansoh rero, an lenh ut-o rero lai ahkhan
bezaipu Lucilius (BC 180-100 hrawng) in milian kum no pawl ih nuntu khawsakdan
deusiahnak bezai pawl a rak ngan. Lucilius ih bezai pawl cu hnihsuaksainak lam
a naih ih, an zangkhai fawn.
Himi san lai ah
khawruahphung (philosophy) le bezai cawhrawi ih bezai phuahtu Lucretius (BC
94-55) in khuarelthil le khawruahphung lam luhcilhnak bezai pawl a ngan. A
bezai ‘On the Nature of Things’ (Thilpawl ih Sining) timi tla cu leitlunhuap
calai cazin ih lutban a si. Cumi bezai ah taksa cakhiarnaklam hnong ih mahtei’
um in thinlung lam zalennak hawl ih lungnomnak ngah a ttul thu pawl tla a ngan (M.
Cary and T. J. Haarhoff). Curuangah
anih ih bezai cu khawruahphung phorhnak bezai ti’n Latin calai lam ih mithiam pawl
in an ret.
Cumi ttheh ah awnmawi
rim a nam mi Lyric bezai an suak. Hivek bezai kalhmang hi duhdawtnak thuhla
ngannak ah a ttha zet. Hivek ngantu ah Catullus (BC 45-4 hrawng) hi a lar zet.
Milian fapa a si. Kum 20 hrawng a ti ah Rome khawpi ah a ra thleng ih, milian
khawvel ah a tlangleng. Cutawk ah mi ih nupi zuun tuar in a talbuai. Cu nu a
ngansanh mi ‘Poems to Lesbia’ (Lesbia hrangih Bezaipawl) cu a lar zet
ih, a hmin a than phah nasa. A ngai mi nu cun a rak dongsong tha hranpa lo
hmang. Catullus hin duhdawtnaklam bezai lawng si lo in Greek bezaipu pawl
dungthlun in bezai dangdang khal a phuah. Catullus hi Greek bezaipi (poetess) Sappho thawn
dinhmun tluk aw ih ret tlak a si titu an um (Hornstein, Percy and Brown).
Catullus hi kum 30 hrawng a tiah a thi. A bezai pawl cu Englishh calai khawvel
ih rotling calai kutsuak neitu Phillip Sidney, Shakespeare le Robert Burns ih
bezai pawl thawn an bang aw tiah fakseltu pawl in an sim (Mya Than Tint).
Horace
Leitlun calai mithiam pawl
in ralring le sunsak zet ih an siar, an hliakhlai rero mi bezai pawl phuahtu cu
Horace (BC 65-8) a si. Horace hi hnihsuak bawl a thiam zet rual in thuhla
khunkhan zetzet khal a phosuak thiam thotho fawn. A bezai cu zangkhai si, thufun
thuk si, awthlung mawi si, a siartui’ thinlung hnuklut thei zet bezai an si. A
hman mi Latin lyric bezai kalhmang khal a thih hnu kum tampi tiang a rung
nungdam lai. Leitlun hmuntin ih calai mithiam pawl in a bezai pawl cu ttong
dangdang in an let. A bezai pawl hi Latin bezai lakah ttong tambik ih lehlin mi
a si men thei (John Macy).
Horace hi Latin bezaipu
lakih siarhlawhbik a si hial ding. A bezai pawl in hringnun khawvel an luhcilh
fuhtuk ruangah zabi 18 lai pawl ih English Parliament ah ramkhellam hruaitu pawl
in thu an rel phah in Horace ih ca pawl an samh, an la phah ttheu ti a si.
Horace ih bezai pawl an samh-nak ihsin Parliament sungih thurelthiam ah an can
phah ttheu (Mya Than Tint).
Horace ih pa hi sal
asinan a fimnak ruangah sal ihsi luatnak laksawng a ngah. A pa in a fapa ih
fimthiamnak ngaihsak in Rome le Athens khawpi pawl ah fimthiamnak a zirter.
Athens khawpi ih fimthiamnak a zir lai ah Brutus in Julius Caesar a phiarthah
tikah Horace khal tlawngta dang pawl vekin Brutus ih Republican Party ah a lut
ih ram sung ral a do ve. Brutus ih vuavang pawl an duai tikah ralnehtu
siangpahrang (Mark Antony) in Horace ih bungbel le hlawnthil hmuahhmuah a lon ttheh.
Asinan amai’ zalennak
cu a siatsuah sak lo. A hrekkhawng lo. Cutikah Horace cu cangan hlawh in a cawm
aw ih bezai a phuah phah. A phuah mi bezai pawl cu Virgil in a duh zet ruangah
siangpahrang Augustus ih tlangsuak bawibik pakhat Maecenas thawn hmeltheihnak a
tuahsak. Maecenas khal in Horace cu a ngaisang in a ngainat ve ruangah leiram
tla a pe. Cutikah Horace cu a nun a semrem deuh ih, a duhtawk in bezai a phuah
rero thei thlang.
Horace ih phuah mi
bezai ah Ode bezai pawl khal an tel. Greek bezaipu Pindar ih phuahmi a cawng
deuh. Asinan amai’ kutneh a mawi zet ruangah lehhnu lam ah amai’ phuahdan an
run thlun tam zet. Cuvek Ode bezai pawl cu Horatian Ode ti’n an run ko lanta (Klirlungz).
Cuihlei ah Horace hin ngaihzuunca (cakuat) khal tampi a ngan. Mi deusiahnak
bezai (satirical poem) khal a ngan. Cu pawl cu fing 18 a um. A mi deuhsiahnak
bezai ah Lucilius ih kutneh a lang ih a dang bezai pawl ah Greek bezaipu
Alcaeus le bezaipi Sappho pawl ih hmuithlam an lang fawn. Horace a thih tikah
amah lainattu Maecenas thawn an thlan sang aw in, Rome khawpi kiangah, an phum.
Ovid
Chin zatlang hla (pipu
nunphung hla) ih tleizuun kan timi vek deuh a si mi elegy bezai Latin ttong ih
phuahtu lakah Tibullus, Propertius le Ovid hi an hmin a thang zet. An lakah
Propertius hi nauhakbik a si. A thih ah kum 20 luan fangfang lawng a si lai.
Greek elegy cawng deuh in Latin elegy bezai a ngan ih kum 20 a ti hrawngah a
lar zet zo. English calai ih elegy nganthiam hminthang Thomas Gray in elegy a
nganmi hi Propertius ih sulhnu a thlunmi a si an ti. Propertius in a phuahsanmi
fala cu Synthia a si.
Propertius in Synthia hmuitin
ih bezai a phuah bang in, amai fala Delia hrang bezai a phuahtu, zuun khung
tuar bezaipu pakhat leh cu Tibullus a si. Synthia le Delia cu Propertius le
Tibullus ih bezai sungih cangtunu veve an si. Asinan an lehhnu kum za tam zet
sungih bezaipu pawl in anmai’ fala (ngaizawng) hmin ai-awhtu ah an run hmang
lanta (Mya Than Tint). Troy khawpi tlusiatter theitu hmel ttha hminthang
Helen ih hmin cu hmunkip ramkip ih an run hman celcel vek hi a si bik.
Roman bezaipu lakih
siar le rel hlawhbik pakhat cu Ovid (BC 43-AD 18) a si. Phun u le milian tefa a
si ruangah siangpahrang inn ih hnattuan tum in a no lai ah, Rome khawpi ah feh in,
fimthiamnak a zir. Asinan dinhmun sang a thlen hlan ah a ningkhong man ih a
hnattuan ihsin a suak. Cuihnu ah bezai a ngan. Duhdawtnaklam bezai a ngan mi
ruangih a hmin a than zet lai AD 8 ah Augustus in a ram ihsin a dawisuak. Ovid
ih bezai Ars Amatoria (Duhdawtnak Umzia) ah mipat-nunaunak lam a tel
tamtuk deuh ti’n Siangpahrang Augustus hin a ruat ruangih dawisuak a si hmang.
A bezaibu dang
pakhat Metamorphoses (Pianhmangthlengnak)
ah Greek thuanthu roling le Roman thuanthu roling thuhla pawl a ngan. Lasi
ihsin pangpar, khuavang ihsin vate ih can thuhla tivek pawl tla an tel.
Nitlaklam Europe calai ah himi bezai pawl hi rotling bezai ropi cazin ah an
telh. Tuisan calai minung pawl in Greek le Roman thuanthu roling an theih duh
can ah Ovid ih bezai hi an sirhsanbik mi a si (Mya Than Tint).
Ovid cu dawisuah a
tuarnak ihsin siangpahrang in ni khatkhat ahcun a ngaidam in a ko tlung leh sal
ko ding timi ruahsannak thawn a hngak ringring. Asinan siangpahrang Augustus a
thih tikah a ruahsannak a ziamral. Cuti’n siangpahrang hremtuar mi hringnn phur
phah in thihnak zamual a liam.
Ngun San
Bezaipu pawl
Augustus le Hadrian san
karlak ah ram sung remdaihnak a leng. Eihawl-sumtuahnak a semrem deuh ih cangan
le thurel khal ah zalennak a um phah deuh. Fimthiamnak khal a tthangso.
Curuangah Greek calai pawl an phorhsuak sal. Asinan thurelthiamnak (oratory)
lam an uar deuh ruangah biazai cu a hlan vek cun a dingcang ngaingai thei lo. Ngun
San ti nafam cun Sui San cu tluk thu um hlah maw! Ziangahtile hivek hmin cu
lehhnu lam ah calai mithiam pawl in an run phuahmi a si ih, dinhmun niam deuh a
si ruangah Ngun San an tinak tak a si.
Himi can ah bezaipu
Lucan (39-65) in Epic bezai nung thar sal ding in a zuam nan thurelthiamnak zir
pawl ih uarzawng a si mi ttongfang rit zetzet thawi’ cangtlung zet ih phuah mi
an si ruangah san thar bezaipu pawl ih hnuk a fah lemlo. Asinan San Laita (Middle
Age) le Khawruah tthangharhnak (Renaissance) san minung pawl cun an
uar zet. Curuangah French rotling calai pawl ah Lucan ih sulhnu kan hmu thei.
Lucan cu siangpahrang Nero a dokalh ih a duai ruangah amahte a that aw. A pu,
siangpahrang thuron upa Seneca khal siangpahrang thinhengnak tong ngah in
amahte a that aw ve.
A dang Epic bezai
phuahtu cu Statius (45-96) a si. Amai’ san lai ahcun a bezai an uar zetih mi
hrekkhat lephei cun Virgil hnakin a thiamsawn an ti (John Macy). San Laita
Europe calai ah Statius hin huvang a ngah nasa zet dah. English Biazai Khaipa a
simi Geoffrey Chaucer tivek hman in Statius hi Homer, Virgil, Ovid le Lucan
tivek bezaipu ropi zetzet pawl thawn dinhmun bang aw ah ret in a sulhnu an
thlun.
Deusiahnak bezailam
phuahtu bezaipu pahnih cu Martial le Juvenal an si. Martial (40-140 hrawng) cun
nung tlaranh le nuntu khawsakdan khawbaw zet minung pawl cu a bezai thawn a
sisiau, a nautat hai ttheu. Asinan bezai phun dangdang khal a ngan. Martial san
lai ih Roman pawl umtudan, an cetcangdan thei duhtu cun Martial ih bezai an
sutron ttheu. A sanzul khawvel thuhla a phuahmi bezai fing 1,500 hrawng a um.
Deusiah bezai nganlam
ah Martial hnakin Juvenal (60-140) a thiam sawn. AD 100 cem zawng lam ah, Rome
khawpi sungih nun duhdahnak a karh ciamco mi kha ren lo baksak in a bezai
sungah a tthuat ciamco hai. A hleice in hmun dang, ram dang ihsi Rome ih ra tthangso,
ra neinung pawl le nunau nung duhdah pawl lephei cu a relse thei nasa. Horace
le pawl ih deusiah bezai kha cu a nem deuh nan, Juvenal le pawl ih deusiah
bezai cu a khoh, a hram hruthro ti theih a si. San sia ih minung rak si man ah
kan ti ke!
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