Tuluk Calai Romual 10 (Tuluk San Thar Calai)

Tuluk Calai Romual

Bung 10

Tuluk San Thar Calai

Tuluk calai sanphung kan thlir kir sal asile Tuluk pawl hin san ziangmawzat sung cu ram le hnam dang ramh le hliahkhuhnak ihsi talsuah, pawtsuah tum in lungrualnak neih an tum thu kan hmu thei. Kum zabi 20 a thlen tikah Tuluk Hrilhoturam (Republic) ram ti’n an zomkhawm aw qheh thei. Cumi ihsin Tuluk ram mipi pawl ih taimaknak khal a tha a qha sinsin. San thar calai hi himi an taimaknak sirhsan ih rung parsuak a si ruangah ramkhel lam ih an zuamnak sanphung dungkhar khal malte tal zoh cih ta a qha ding.

1912 kum ah Ching Hrinkumpi siangpahrang netabik Pu Yi lalnak a tla ih Tuluk Hrilhoturam an dinh. Hrilhoturam dinh ding ih hmaihruaitu cu Tuluk dothlengh-nak hotu Dr. Sun Yat-sen a si.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen hi 1866 November 12 ah, Kan Tung ramkulh ah a suak.  Kum 12 a kim tiang Honolulu tikulh ah a qhanglian ih cutawk ih Khristian Mission Tlawng pakhat ah a kai. A nauhak lai ihsin phunhnamvei zet tu a si ih, 1885 kum Tuluk – France ralbuai 1um ih Tuluk pawl an sun tikah a thin a na zet. Curuangah ka upat tik ahcun ram qhangso dinhsuak thei ding in Tuluk Hrilhoturam kan dinh ding tiah tiamkamnak a tuah.

Cuihnu ah Kan Tung le Hong Kong khawpi pawl ah siivai lam a zir ih sibawi a hung si. Sibawi a si hnu ah Honolulu tikulh ah a kir sal. Honolulu tikulh ih qankhuar in tipi ral ram ih um Tuluk miphun pawl kha dothlengh-nak hrang ah a huikhawm thok. 1895 ah dothlengh-nak hnaquan a thok. Cui kum ah Kan Tung khawpi ihsin Ching Hrinkumpi siangpahrang cozah a do ih, a sun ruangah Tuluk ram ihsin England ah a tlan.

Cuihnu ah Japan, Thlangtlam tipithuanthum tikulh pawl, Indochina tikulhzum (peninsula), Europe le America tivek ah feh in dothlengh-nak hrang ah mipi a punkhawm. Himi caan ah Dr. Sun Yat-sen cun San Min Chu Yi timi cabu a ngan. A cabu hmin ih sullam cu miphun hrang, democracy rhang, le socialist phungthluk hrang ah timi tumtahnak pathum par ih hram a bunh mi ‘Rammipi ih Thuken Pathum’ tican a si. 1905 kum ah Dr. Son Yet Sin cun a tumtah mi hnaquan lamzin thuhla cu mipi theih in a phuang suak (Myanma Swesone Kyan, Vol. 4 – kawhhmuh zo).

Himi a phuansuah hnu ah Dr. Sun Yat-sen cun dothlenghnak pakhat hnu pakhat a pah vivo ih a netkhawt ahcun a hlawhtling. 1912 January 1 ah Dr. Sun Yat-sen cu Tuluk Hrilhoturam ih Ramhotu (President) ah an hril. Asinan a langte’n a quan ih April thla ah ralkap thazang tam zet uktu ralbawi pi Yuan Shih Kai hnenah a dinhmun cu a hlan. 1917 ih Yuan Shih Kai a thih tikah Yuan Shih Kai le a ralbawi pi pawl feh sual ruang ih pawlkom phunphun qhenqhek aw celcel pawl sihkhawm aw sal thei ding in a hoha sal.

1925 kum ih Dr. Sun Yat-sen a thih tikah Kuo Min Tang pawlkom hotu Chiang Kai-shek in ramhotu a quan. 1931 ah Tuluk-Japan ralbuai a thleng. Cui ralbuai cu a mut alh aw hliau vivo ih a netnak ah Leitlun Ralbuai Qumhnihnak thawn an rawi aw ta. Cui ralbuai cem hnu lam cun Tuluk Communist Party in Tuluk ram pumpuluk an hliahkhuh thei thluh ih 1949 September 21 ah Mao Se Tung in Tuluk Mipi’ Hrilhoturam (People’s Republic of China) a run dinh.

Calai Buaibainak

A tlun ih tarlangh mi sanphung denhsenh in Tuluk calai khal a buaibai thok. Tuluk calai sanphung ah calai minung pawl hi leiram nei mi-uk phungphai dodalnak lam ih ralhmaiqhi an si hai. Himi cindan thlun in 1917 hrawngah mino canganthiam pawl an zomkhawm aw ngah. Cu pawl lak ah Lu Hsun (Lu Xun) le Hu Shih tei’ pahnih cu dothlenghnak ih an tel hmaisat hnu ah New Youth journal an suah.

Lu Hsun cu thlimthluai calai (aesthetic literature) nganthiam zet a si. Hu Shih cu Tuluk calai ning le khawng thei le thiam zet a si. Tuluk cafangkom 40,000 kha cafangkom 1300 ih kimcangtei’ ngan thei ding in Pai Hua timi cangandan a tuah. Cumi cu ‘Cafang 1,000 Cangvaihnak’ tiah an ko. Tuluk ram pumpuluk ah ca phun pakhat, qong ci khat hmang tlang ding ih huikhawmnak lam a si deuh. Hu Shih cu 1925 kum ah Kuo Min Tang cozah qawmpi in vorhlam pawlkom pawl huikhawmnak Modern Review journal a suah. Himi ihsin calai pawlkom pahnih ah a qhen aw ta.

1919 May 4 Canghvaihnak a suah tikah kuthnaquan pawl an ra tel. Curuangah ramnortu dodal cangvaihnak pawl cu mithmuh hmaitheih in a qhang zutzo. Himi sirhsan in Tuluk calai mithiam pawl in cui ni cu calai dothlenghnak a thok ni tiah an hminsinh. Cui May 4 Canghvaihnak ah Lin Yu-tang cu Lu Hsun thawn an quan tlang. Lin Yu-tang cu Tuluk rotling calai pawl kha nitlaklam ih European ram pawl hrangah a lettu, simfiangnak le faksel khaikhinnak tivek pawl a tuahtu a si. Tuluk calai thawtnak phunphun pawl kha hnihsuak rong kai in English qong thawn tlamtling zet ih a leh thei ruangah nitlaklam rampawl ah a hmin a thang.

Lin Yu-tang hin Lu Hsun thawi kop aw thotho in 1924 ah The Tatter Society an dinh ih Tatter Journal khal an rak suah. Tatter timi cu English essayist Steele le Addision in 1709 kum ih an rak suah dah mi journal hmin a si. 1932 kum ah Lin Yu-tang cu May 4 Canghvaihnak ih calai dothlenghtu mi bur lak ihsin a suak ih journal pawl a suah. Cutikah Lu Hsun in nasate’n a soisel. Lu Hsun cun Tuluk Communist Party a qawmpi. Lin Yu-tang cun Hu Shih bang in Kou Min Tang a qawmpi.

1930 kum ah Lu Hsun le Mao Tun pawl tel in canganthiam 50 pawl in Tuluk ram Keh-thla (left-wing) Canganthiam Pawlkom an dinh. 1931 in 1933 tiang Tuluk Communist Party ih kawmiqi laipi sungtel pakhat Chi Chiu-pai (1899 – 1935) in Lu Hsun thawn qang tlang in pawlkom hrang ih hnaquan qul phunphun a quan bawm.  Culai caan ah Lu Hsun le Chi Chiu-pai in Russian nunthuleng pwal le calai fakselnak cahrampawl an let. Chi Chiu-pai in Gorky ih nunthuleng qhenkhat tla a let (Ting Yi – A Short History of Modern Chinese Literature, Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1959).

1936 kum ah Japan ih ramh le nornak thuhla sia a luarkai vivo ih, Japan dothlenghnak hrangih pawlkom phunkim funkhawmawk a qul ruangah Keh-thla Canganthiam Pawlkom cu an qhiat sal.

Calai Sersuaktu pawl

Lu Hsun thawi’ calai dothlenghnak quan tlang Mao Tun cu nunthuleng nganthiam a si. 1896 ah Zhejiang (Chekiang or Che-keang) ramkulh ah a suak. A hmin ngai cu Shen Yen-ping a si. May 4 Canghvaihnak ihsin calai khawvel ah a lut ih 1921 kum ah calai hliakhlaitu pawlpi siseh, Kuo Mo-jo thawn kop aw in Sersuahnak Pawlpi siseh a dinh ih sersuaktu mekazin tla a suah. Cumi kum ah Rammipi Thuanthucawn pawlpi khal a dinh thok.

Mao Tun cu a no lai ihsin nunthuleng a ngan thok. Mino pawl ih dothlenghnak tonteh mi le tontuarnak thuhla pawl a pholang qheu. A pholangh dan ah mino pawl cu dothlenghnak san thok lam ah an phur, an tha a thon an neta lam ahcun an lung a hnok ih an taimaknak a qumsuk thu a tarlang. Lehhnu ah Mao Tun in himi zawn hi cu a no lai ah a selam lawng a rak hmuh ngah sual mi a si, dothlenghnak ih hrinsuah mi thil qha tla tampi a um ve tiah a sim sal. A no lai ahcun a sia le a qha a tarlangh dan ah awnnak lam a rak nei ko nan sanphung fehdan ihsi  thlir cun culai san ih thil sual le dik lo pawl dikdawh zet ih a rak tarlangh ruangah a thuhla phosuahdan hi a awmmawi ko calai zohfeltu le fakseltu pawl in an ti (Ting Ti – kawhhmuh zo).

1930 kum hnu lam cun Mao Tun ih nunthuleng ngansuah dan khal awn lam nein awn lo in a buk aw ton thlang. 1932 kum ih a suah mi Zanqimh (Midnight) nunthuleng ah a phosuah duh mi thuhla pathum a tarlang thei. Cumi san ah inntek ram minung lak ih kut quanrian le cet quanrian neitu pawl cu ram dang mi pawl ih sumtuahdan kalhmang hnuai ah an tartahak. Cutikah anmai dinhmun zia-um theinak ding ruat in inntek ram minung a si mi hnaquantu pawl kha an nuainam vivo. Cuti ih nuainam tuar hnaquantu pawl cu an buai ih, an buainak a sosang vivo.

Himi qum, hnaquan neitu le hna quantu pawl ih thubuai ah inntek phunhnam hnaquan neitu pawl cu ramnortu pawl in an duhdandan ih an hman mi vuakfung (fungfek) men ah an cang qheh. A thubuai bulhram cu ramnortu sum-hram-nei pawl si cing in a karlak ih tuartu cu inntek phunhnam hnaquan neitu pawl an si lala thu kha Mao Tun in a nunthuleng ah a tarlang. Hmansehla dothlenghnak khambeh lai can ih ngan mi a si ruangah a thluathlam te lawng in a ngan ih, a ngantu amah rori khal in a di a remh lo thu a rel (Mao Tun – ‘Midnight’, Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1957). 1934 ah Mao Tun, Lu Hsun le Kuo Mo-jo pawl ih nganca cu cozah in suah le siar a khap.

Kuo Mo-jo cu bezaipu le thuanthucawn nganthiam a si. A bezai pawl ah leitlun rotling calai pawl ih sulhnu hmuh ding an um. Sanphung mithiam khal a si ruangah a thuanthucawn dungkhar ah Tuluk sanphung hmuh ding a um phahphah qheu fawn. Tuluk thlimthluai calai dangdang tla ram dang qong in a let dah.

Kuo Mo-jo hi Szechuan ramkulh ah 1892 ah a suak. Leiram nei sungkua ih suak a si. A nauhak lai ah a nu in rotling bezai pawl a rak zirh ruangah rotling calai ah a theihfimnak hram a hnget. 1914 ah Japan ram ah a feh ih kum hra sung lai siivai lam thiamnak a zir. Asinan a hna (ear) a qhat lo ruangah sibawi quan nawn lo in biazai le calai lam ah a cangvai.

1920 kiangkap ah Lu Hsun ih hoha mi calai khawvel ah a lut. 1926 – 27 kum ah Tuluk dothlenghnak hnaquan pawl ah a tel in a cangvai ve. Asinan dothlenghnak a hlawhsamh sung cu Japan ram ah tlan in a relh. Japan ram ih a um lai ah Tuluk sanphung qhate’n a hliakhlai hnu ah hlan san Tuluk zatlanghlawm (community) thuhla cabu a ngan. Hlan san thil hliakhlai lam ah a thaw zet.

1937 kum ih Japan in Tuluk a do-ramh tikah Kuo Mo-jo khal Japan ihsin a ra tlung sal ih Japan dodalnak ah a cangvai ve.

Kuo Mo-jo ih bezai pawl cu hlanlai minung pawl ih rotling calai relbawldan vun hlamsalnak a thlurh deuh ruangah romantic phungthluk (romanticism) a naih deuh. Sumhramnei le Leiramneih phungthluk khal a dodal. A no lai ih a ngan mi bezai pawl komkhawm in Lasipawl (The Goddesses) timi hmin thawn a suah. Cumi ah Kuo Mo-jo ih phuah mi bezai pawl cu san hlun sung ihsin a phaw thlengh aw ih a keuh thar sal mi thengre (thereng) thawn an bang aw ti in siseh, biazai timi cu bezaipu a tlanlennak san (age) in a nor ruangah bezaipu ih ir-awm sung ihsin a ra suak mi awnmawi a si ti’n siseh, a rak ngan (Kuo Mo-jo – The Goddesses, Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1958).

Kuo Mo-jo a no lai ih a ngan mi bezai le thuanthucawn pawl ah miphun duhdawtnak, dothlenghnak thinlung tivek a awm sung ihsi rung suakmi thuhla pawl hmuh ding an um. Cuihlei ah leitlun calai thuhla ih mithiam a si bang in a bezai pawl ah German bezaipu ropi Goethe, Indian bezaipu ropi Tagore, Muslim mystic bezaipu ropi Kabir, Scotland bezaipu Thomas Campell, English bezaipu Lord Byron tivek pawl phuahsanh mi tivek khal hmuh ding an um. Cui bezaipu ropi pawl cu rampi zalenh-nak hrang ih bezai rak phuah qheu tu mi ropi pawl an si.

A tlun ih rel zo mi nunthuleng nganthiam, bezaipu, dothlenghtu pawl thawi’ lungput bang aw nei calai minung dang pakhat cu Rickshow Boy (Dirhleeng Dirpa) timi nunthuleng ngantu Lao She a si. Rickshow Boy timi nunthuleng hi Leitlun Ralbuai Qumhnihnak cem kum, 1945, ah English qong ih an leh ruangah Europe khawmualpi lam khal ah a hmin a thang zet. Lao She hi Mao Tun thawn Myanmar ram, Yangon khal ah an ra tlawng dah.

Lao She hi 1899 ah Peking (Bejing) khawpi ih suak a si. A hmin ngai cu Shu Sheh-yu a si. Peking khawlipi mi asinan rethei zonzai zet ih qhanglian a si. 1924 ah Lao She cu London Phunsangtlawng, Nisuahlam Calai Department ah Tuluk calai zirhtu hna a quan. 1930 kum, Tuluk ram ih a ra tlun khal ah Tuluk Phunsangtlawng dangdang ah calai zirhtu a quan lala. Curuangah Lao She hi dothlenghnak thawn a pehpar aw lo tiah dongthlenghtu canganthiam pawl in an ti. Asinan Lao She cu ram mipi ih harsat retheih zonzaih zia pawl kengkawhdik phungthluk (realism) ih pholangtu a si tiah calai mithiam pawl in an fak.

Lao She hi hlan san hmuh-ruahdan pawl lakih san a man lo mi a hmuh tikah a soisel nasa tu a si qheu nan a hlun hmuahhmuah hnon ding ti ih ruattu cu a si lo. Lao She hi miphun duhdawttu a si. Lothlo pawl le hnaquantu pawl a ngaina in a upat zet. Tuluk – Japan ralbuai lai ah dothlenghnak calai kutsuak pawl thawn zalenhnak hrang ih zuamnak cu tha a rak pe. 1946 kum ah calai zirhtu quan ding in America ah a feh. Tuluk ram thar an dinh kum, 1949, lawng ah America ihsin a ra kir sal (Ting Yi – kawhhmuh zo).

Lao She ih kut hmuithiam zawng cu sullam linglet nei ding ih thuhla herkual lam khi a si. A umdan cu nganca sung ih a var a ti asile a sum duh mi sullam taktak cu a dum tinak a si. Rickshow Boy nunthuleng siar tikah hnih a suak zet. Asinan cangantui simh duh mi vun theihsuah ngaingai cun qhah a suak sawn lala. Hnihsuak kha qahsuak ah, qahsuak mi kha hnihsuak ah ti in a her lingletter mi a tam zet.

Hi leitlun nun hi a pawnlang men ih thlir cun nomnak, thuk zet ih thlir ahcun harsat retheihnak, thawi khat a si zia phorhsuahnak lam ah Lao She hin a cafung a khal neh nasa. Hmansehla a sersuah mi cangtu (character) pawl cu dothlenghtu picang zetzet an si lo. Ni tin ih kan hmuh qheu mi le ton qheu mi, nambeh tuartu zaran minung pawl an si sawn. Tuluk ram thar an dinh hnu ah dothlenghnak ih tuahquan qhat mi lam pholangtu thuanthucawn pawl a ngan. Cui thuanthucawn pawl lak ih ‘Rulhreng Khabehmul Horkuam’ (Dragon Beard Ditch) timi ah inn sia tete hlir umnak Rethei Veng kha mipi qanrualnak thawn a tlamtling mi Khawpi Veng pakhat ih an dinhsuah thu a ngan.