Tuluk Calai Romual 9 (Europe Riim le Thaang)

Tuluk Calai Romual

Bung 9

Europe Riim le Thaang

Zabi 16 ihsin nitlaklam sumdawng pawl le missionary pawl cu Tuluk ram an an thleng supso zo. Zabi 16 thok lam ah Portugal miphun pawl cu Kan Tung khawpi an thleng. Spanish miphun pawl le Dutch miphun pawl khal zabi 16 qhen thumnak hrawng ah an ra thleng. English le French pawl cu 1637 hrawng ah East-India Company hmin in Tuluk ram tipikap ah an rak thleng. Hrinkumpi siangpahrang Ch’ien Lung san ah English pawl in Tuluk ram thawi’ sumdawnnak lungkimca tuah an dil.

Cutikah siangpahrang Ch’ien Lung in siangpahrang George II hnenah, “Na ram ih suak mi thilri danglam zet pawl cu manmual nei le thupi an si ka zum thei lo a si, Rualpa,” tiah thu a khirh sal. Cumi cu English le European dang pawl cun uanthuan hmuhsuamnak ah an ruat. A ngaingai ahcun siangpahrang cun a ra thleng thei mi siatralnak a hmuh cia ruangah a cohlan duhlonak a si. Ram le miphun dang hliahkhuh tuar a huam lo ruangah a si hmang.

Curuangah thukimbu, dictionary, qongfang thuhla cabu, hlanlai sansiarnak cabu, khawruahphung cabu, rotling calai bu, siivai cabu, tlolakphung cabu le siarkop cabu tivek pawl an hawlsuah sal, an cekfel sal ih, an sutsuah salnak khal a si. Cutivek ih an hawlsuah sal rero lai ah nitlaklam ram ih dengfelphung (science), tlolakphung, siivai dengfelphung, siarkopphung tivek pawl a rung lut an um ve phah. Hivek theihfimnak lam an buaipi lai ah biazai le essay pawl cu nunthuleng tluk cun an qhangso lo. Hmansehla cui san ah siangpahrang rori in a ngainat mi Yuan Mei (AD 1715 – 1797) timi bezaipu le Yuan Yuan (AD 1764 – 1849) timi cahram le esay nganthiam an rak um. Calai mithiam dang tampi tla an suak ve hai.

Zabi 19 laili hrawng ah English ihsin Tuluk qong ih leh mi nganca pawl an um. A hmaisa ah John Bunyan (AD 1628 – 1688) ih The Pilgrim’s Progess (Sakhaw Zalamtluan) an let. Cui hnu ah English khawruahphung mithiam Herbert Spencer ( AD 1820 – 1903) ih ngan mi fimthiamnak lam thuhla cabu pakhat khal Tuluk mithiam pawl in an let.  Hmansehla an leh sual mi, leh hnok mi a um ruangah a lar lo. 1840 kum ah Tuluk mithiam pakhat in Aesop ih thuanthufim pawl a leh mi cu mipi in an duh zet ti a si (H. A. Giles – kawhhmuh zo).

Bing Ralbuai

Bing Ralbuai ihsin 1919 kum May 4 tiang hi Tuluk calai qhansoh dot ruknak tiah Tuluk calai sanphung mithiam pawl in an khiah. Himi can hi phunhnam huap cangvaihnak phunphun suah lai caan a si. Sanphung pumpi kan zoh sal tikah Tuluk ram cu ram le hnam dang pawl ih ramh le hnoksaknak phunphun tuar in ram mipi pawl rethei zonzai ih an um qheu thu kan hmu. Ching siangpahrang pawl hman hi Tuluk inntek miphun an si lo. Curuangah mipi thawn an pehzom aw hnget ngaingai thei lo. Hivek lailak ah European phunhnam phunphun in Tuluk Tipikap tluan ih an ke an thlak thok cupco tikah Tuluk Hrinkumpi siangpahrang le mipi pawl cu  an tonteh dah kel lo mi, sumhram nei (capitalist) ram nortu pawl ih hrinhronak an tuar thok thlang. Himi ihsin ramkhellam cetcangh-nak a tam vivo. Cumi cu calai kutsuak pawl khal ah a rung lang vivo. Curuangah himi san Tuluk sanphung tawite’n kan thlir ta pei.

European pawl hi sumdawng ding in Tuluk ram ah an ra. Cu pawl thawi’ rual aw in European Khristian missionary pawl khal an ra thleng ve. Sumdawnnak le mission hna quannak hin inntek miphun pawl cu nasa zet in an hngongh qheu. A hleice in bing sumdawnnak hi Tuluk ram siatsuahtu a si ti cu a fiang.

A hmaisabik ah Portuguese miphun pawl in India ihsin Tuluk ram ah bing an run zuar lut. Himi cawng in British sumdawng pawl khal in bing thawn sum an run dawng ve. 1795 ah Tuluk thuneitu pawl in bing sumdawnnak an khap. Asinan an khapnak cu a qangkai hrot lo. Curuangah 1800 kum ah ram dang mi sumdawng pawl hnenah bing ih sum dawng nawn lo ding in thuneitu pawl in zangfah an dil. Asinan a danglam cuang lo. 1838 ah ram dang mi pawl cennak veng ih khawlkhawm mi bing tingkuang 20,000 cu Tuluk cozah thuneitu pawl in an hawl hmu ih an hlon hlo, an siatsuah sak thluh.

Himi ruangah Tuluk le British pawl lakah ral a buai. Cumi ralbuai denhsenh in British pawl in Hong Kong tikulh an la ngah. Kan Tung le Shang Hai khawpi tel in tipikap khawpi panga ah ngunkhuai zatek panga ih sumdawn theinak khal an ngah. Tuluk cozah thuneihnak sungah ram dang mi pawl suahsualnak an tuah tikah ram dang mi thuqhentu lawng ih thuhla zoihnit le qhen ding timi canvo hleice khal an ngah.

Cutikah France le America tivek ram dang pawl khal in canvo an rak ngah phah ve. Ram sung buainak um lai ah British le France lawng si lo in Russia, Japan le Germany khal in Tuluk tipikap tluan khuaram pawl an rak la fawn. America hman in sumdawnnak ah Tuluk in sangka onh ding in a phut ih Philippines tikulh-hlawm pawl a la.

Himi san lai ih Tuluk ram uktu cu Tzu His timi siangpahrangnu a si. Hi siangpahrangnu hi kum tling hrih lo a fapa pawl awptu a si. 1875 ah kum tling lo siangpahrang Kuang Hsu in lalnak a run ngah. Cui siangpahrang a kum a hung kim, a pitlin tikah ram sung umtudan boruak thlirfel in nitlaklam ram pawl ih hman mi qhansohnak kalhmang pawl kha Tuluk ta ah sersuak in santiluan dawi man thei ding ih tuahthlengh-nak ropi zetzet tuah a tum.

1898 ah siangpahrang thupeknak in fimzirnak ah nitlaklam dengfelphung le thiamnak dangdang zirtel ding in, cumi hrangah qong lehlin hnaquan dinhsuak ding in thu a suah. Lamzin pehtlaihawknak hrangah tlangleng zin tuah ding khal in thupek a suah. Ralkap fimzirnak le ralkap zomkhawmnak khal san man ding in a ruahman. Asinan amah awptu siangpahrangnu Tzu His in cui tuahthlengh-nak pawl cu a hlonthlak sak sal hai.

1900 kum ah Tuluk sanphung ih Boxer Rebellion ti in a hmin a thang mi ralthawhnak a suak. Cui ralthawhnak cu cozah do tum ih tho mi ral a sin an Tzu His ih ngian thiam ruangah raltho pawl cun ram dang mi pawl an do sawn riangri. Himi ralthawhnak ruangih ram dang mi tampi an thihhloh tikah British, France, Russia, Germany, Japan le America tivek ram tampi qangkhawm ralkap pawl in Tuluk ram mipi parah phuba an la. Tzu Hsi khal a tlansuak.

1908 ah Tzu His a thi ih Ching Hrinkumpi siangpahrang netabik Pu Yi a lal. 1911 ah Tuluk dothlengh-nak a suak lala. Cui dothlengh-nak cun Ching Hrinkumpi hlon thla in Daanhrampi thawi’ ukawknak a si mi Tuluk Republic (Hrilhoturam) a suahter. An hruaitu cu Dr. Son Yet Sin a si.

Cuihnu ah Leitlun Ralbuai Qumkhatnak a suak. Ralbuai a daih hnu 1919 kum, Qangrual pawl in Paris Remdaihnak Tonkhawmpi an tuah qum ah Germany pawl in Tuluk ram an lak mi Shantung hmunram cu Japan in co ding ih lungkumca an tuah ruangah 1919 kum May 4 cangvaihnak thubuai a suak lala.

Tuluk sanphung mithiam pawl in cui cangvaihnak cu ramnortu dodalnak, leiram nei mi-uk kalhmang dodalnak hrangah ram mipi pawl in dothlengh-nak an tuah mi a si tiah an ngan.

Dothlengh-nak San Thok Pek

A ngaingai ahcun cui san cu ram mipi pawl tel le cangvaihnak dothlenghnak ih hramthoknak lawng a si lai. Cui san ah dothlenghnak umtudan tarlang le khihhmuhtu calai minung tampi an um. Asinan Ching Hrinkumpi san neta lam ah European ramnortu pawl thawn an sualbuaiawknak ih mai miphun le miphun an lungrual thei lo dan zoh in calai cu a qhansoh ding zat a qhangso lo ti theih a si.

Biazai lam ah Chang Wei-pin, Wei Yuan le Chu Chi timi bezaipu pathum hi an hmin a thang. Huang Tsum-hsien timi bezaipu cu bezai kalhmang thar sersuak ih san thar calai pawlkom dinhtu a si.

Thutluang lam ah Lin Tse-hsu cu ‘England Siangpahrangnu hnenih Kuat mi Caqial’ timi thucah ruangah a hmin a thang. Cu pa cu Kan Tung khawpi ih ngunkhuai khonnak lam uktu bawi a si. Bing sumdawnnak thuhla a kel a kawi tiang ih theitu a si. Cu pa bang ih dothlenghnak thinlung cokthotu cahram le nganca dangdang ngantu cangan thiam dang khal an um hai. Cu pawl lak ah Liang Chi-chao cu thutluang fiangfel le tluangtlam zet sersuaktu a si. A thutluang hmelhmang cu Europe lam calai hmelhmang ihsi ra a si. Tawi-fel-kim pawl a si. Ching Hrinkumpi a cem ih san thar a thlengh-awk zawng hrawng ah a nganca pawl cu calai khawvel ah huvang an nei zet.

Cumi san ah nunthuleng ngantu Li Pao-chia ih ‘San Thar’ le ‘Beaurocrat’ timi nunthuleng pahnih cu an lar zet. Cu pawl ih rual ah Wu Wo-yao timi khal in thuneitu sualral pawl thuhla, sumdawng khawvel thuhla, cathiam mithiam ti-awter pawl thuhla tivek pawl nunthuleng ah a ngan. Tseng Pu timi cangan thiam cun Ching Hrinkumpi cem zawng ih zatlangnun le ramkhel lam qawnqaihnak le rinumlonak, siangpahrang riantu pawl ih nuncan tlakranhzia tivek pawl a ngan.

Ram dang nunthuleng Tuluk qong ih lettu Lin Shu le Wu Tao ih zar ah Tuluk nunthuleng khal santiluan dawi in a qhangso vivo. Tuluk ram mipi pawl khal in ram dang nunthuleng calai ih thawtnak khal qha zet in an tep thei thlang a si (Feng Yuan-chun – kawhhmuh zo).